HIGH YILED

Question 1

what must report include?

Answer 1

normal development landmarks

age and sex of patient

Question 2

physiologic bridging usually indicates what kind of fx?

Answer 2

tillaux fracture

Question 3

distal tibia fuses medial to lateral indicating what kind of hump?

Answer 3

kump hump

Question 4

foot bones present at birth?

Answer 4

talus
calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 5

order of development after birth?

Answer 5

lateral cun
medial cun
intermediate cun
navicular

Question 6

secondary calcaneal ossification includes?

Answer 6

calcaneal apophysis

postero-superior calcaneus

Question 7

when does the calcaneal apophysis appear?

normal appearance?

when does the postero superior calcaneus fuse?

Answer 7

6 yrs in girls, 7 yrs in boys

multiple discrete nuclei
fragmented or sclerotic appearance

fuses at 11 years

Question 8

what is to take note of when is comes to the secondary talar ossification?

Answer 8

lateral tubercle of posterior process appearing at 6 years in girls and fusing by age 20

Question 9

what appears at 9 yrs in female and 11 in males

bipartite tibial sesamoids most common and can be physiologically fragmented which can mimic a fracture

Answer 9

hullucal sesamoids

Question 10

what are the metatarsal secondary ossifications?

Answer 10

lesser metatarsal epiphysis at the head

5th metatarsal apophysis

Question 11

how do we determine normal from abnormal?

Answer 11

direction compared to physis

symptoms-if w/o, than normal

unilateral vs bilateral- if bilateral than most likely not a fracture