High Confidence - Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins made from?

Answer 1

One or more polypeptides.

Amino Acids (monomer)

Dipeptides (two amino acids)

Question 2

What is the name of the smallest amino acid?

Answer 2

Glycine with one hydrogen atom.

Question 3

Describe the primary structure.

Answer 3

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Question 4

What bond forms between amino acids?

Answer 4

Peptide

Question 5

Name two secondary structures in proteins.

Answer 5

Alpha Helix / Beta Pleated Sheet

Question 6

Explain tertiary structure.

Answer 6

Formed by bonds forming between different parts of the polypeptide chain.

For proteins made from a single polypeptide chain, the tertiary structure is the protein’s final structure.

Question 7

Summarise hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in relation to tertiary structure.

Answer 7

Hydrophobic R groups clump together when close. Hydrophilic R groups are pushed apart.

Question 8

Give three examples of globular proteins and their types.

Answer 8

Haemoglobin

Insulin (Hormone)

Amylase (Enzyme)

Question 9

Insulin is a … secreted by the …

Answer 9

Hormone / Pancreas

Question 10

Provide an example of an enzyme and its role.

Answer 10

• *Amylase**
• Catalyses the breakdown of starch in the digestive system.*

Question 11

What are the bonds found in tertiary structures?

Answer 11

• *Ionic**
• Electrostatic attraction.*

Disulfide
Two molecules of cysteine. Sulfur atoms.

• *Hydrogen Bonds**
• Weak (partially) electrostatic attraction.*
• *Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic interactions**
• Clumping, pushing apart.*

Question 12

What is the test for proteins called?

Answer 12

Biuret