High Confidence - Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What are nucleotides?
The monomers that make up DNA and RNA.
What is DNA used for?
To store genetic information.
What is RNA used for?
To make proteins from the instructions in DNA.
How do the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA differ?
Uracil replaces thymine in RNA.
What sugar is present in DNA and RNA?
DNA - Deoxyribose
RNA - Ribose
Where is energy stored in ATP?
Phosphate bonds.
How is the energy released from ATP?
The phosphate bond of ATP is broken which produces ADP and inorganic phosphate and energy.
What is the bond between nucleotides called?
Phosphodiester bond
The two DNA strands run in opposite directions. What is the term given to this?
Antiparallel.
Draw the structure of a single polynucleotide strand.
What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription
Translation
What is transcription?
The first stage of protein synthesis. It is where a section of DNA that codes for a gene is copied into mRNA.
What is translation?
Translation is the second stage of protein synthesis.
Amino acids are joined together by a ribosome to make a polypeptide chain.
What is RNA and what are the three types?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What are the triplets in mRNA called?
Codons
