High Confidence - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon / Hydrogen / Oxygen
What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
Monosaccharides
Name two monosaccharides.
Glucose / Ribose
What are the two forms of glucose?
a-glucose / β-glucose
What is the difference between a hexose and pentose monosaccharide?
A hexose monosaccharide has 6 carbon atoms, a pentose monosaccharide has 5 carbon atoms.
Where would you find ribose?
It is the sugar component in RNA nucleotides.
What are the bonds that form between monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
What is the main energy store in plants and why is it a good energy store?
Starch
It is insoluble in water so it does not cause water to enter cells by osmosis, which would make them swell.
Name two alpha-glucose polysaccharides.
Amylose
Amylopectin
What do animals store excess glucose as?
Glycogen
What is a major component in the cell walls of plants?
Cellulose
What role does cellulose play in plants?
Provides structural support for cells (plant cell wall).
In a test for starch, what colours indicate a positive and negative result.
Positive - Dark blue/black
Negative - Browny-orange
What test do you conduct to detect the presence of sugars?
Benedict’s test
What can all sugars be classified as?
Reducing and non-reducing sugars.
