HHP Review Flashcards
What do lipid rafts contain high concentrations of?
Cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, membrane associated proteins
How do bacteria and viruses take entry into cell through lipid rafts?
They hijack lipid rafts with their signaling mechanism
What are two types of lipid rafts?
Planar-Flotillin proteins
Caveolar- Caveolin proteins
What does flotillin/planar lipid raft function in?
Signaling pathways, recruitment of specific membrane proteins into rafts
What does caveolin lipid raft function in?
Invagination of plasma membrane initiates vesicle formation
What is actin attached to laminin by?
Integrin linker protein
What is role of cholesterol in membrane fluidity?
Prevents tight packing of saturated fatty acids therefore preventing membrane freezing in cold temperature
Structural buffer for unsaturated fatty acids therefore limits excessive fluidity in warm temperatures
Is macropinocytosis actin or clathrin dependent?
Actin dependent, clathrin independent
Is phagocytosis actin or clathrin dependent?
Actin dependent, clathrin independent
Is receptor mediated endocytosis actin or clathrin dependent?
Clathrin dependent
When does clathrin coated vesicles take place?
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Vesicle movement from golgi to endosomes
Trans face
When does coatomer coated vesicles take place?
Anterograde transport- vesicles move from rER to golgi, coated with COPII
Retrograde transport- vesicles move from golgi to rER, coated with COPI
When does caveolin coated vesicles take place?
Smooth muscle, endothelial cells
What do microvilli contain at core?
Where are they found?
Actin filaments
Absorptive cells; intestine, gall bladder, kidney tubules
What do cilia contain at core?
Where are they found?
Microtubules
Respiratory tract, oviduct
Where are basolateral folds found?
Absorptive cells; intestine, kidney tubules
Where is cytochrome C enzyme found?
Mitochondria
What is the importance of sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle fibers?
Storage of calcium, trigger contraction of myofibrils
What is proteasome mediated protein degradation tagged by?
Ubiquitin, used by cells to destroy abnormal proteins
What does malfunction of proteasome mediated degradation lead to?
Decreased protein degradation- Alzhiemers disease, angleman syndrome
Overexpression, accelerated degradation of proteins -infection with HPV
What is lysosomal storage disease?
Absence of certain lysosomal enzymes, due to mutations in a gene that encodes lysosomal proteins
Tay-Sachs disease
Gauchers disease
Pompes disease
Neimann-Pick disease
What do peroxisomes regulate?
Hydrogen peroxides levels in cells, uses catalase enzymes
In sER
What does malfunction of peroxisome lead to?
Zellwger syndrome
Hypotonia, liver jaundice, polycystic kidney disease
What is karyokinesis?
Division of nucleus