heuristics

Question 1

what is heuristics

Answer 1

cognitive shortcuts

Question 2

fast and frugal examples

Answer 2

recognition

Question 3

recognition heuristics

Answer 3

recognise one not the other, chose recognised one

Question 4

cues?

Answer 4

rank cues through eco validity then discriminate between them

Question 5

discrimination cues

Answer 5

cue worked last time use that
or
pick one at random, minimalist

Question 6

dimond principle

Answer 6

1. recognition
2. cue value
   3.discrimination rule

Question 7

probabilistic mental model

Answer 7

cognitive mechanisms for making decisions

Question 8

who came up with fast and frugal heuristics

Answer 8

gigerenzer 91 and goldstein 96

Question 9

what is the key process

Answer 9

search for relevent cues that enable choice between different outomes
stop when discriminating cue is found
one reason decision making

Question 10

evidence for fast and freugal

Answer 10

gigerenzer and goldstein 1996

Question 11

gigerenzer and goldstein 1996

Answer 11

human studies of population judgements
90% made in accordance with recognition

Question 12

limitation of fast and freugal

Answer 12

empirical evidence is limmited
difficulty controlling knowledge peiple might use when making judgements 2003
people use more than one source of information

Question 13

how to judge judgement

Answer 13

correspondence theory
coherence theory

Question 14

correspondence theory

Answer 14

judgements correspond with world
gigerenzer ecological rationality 1999

Question 15

coherence theory

Answer 15

processing of information is rational
tversky and kahneman heuristic bias
judgement deviates from normative laws and there errors

Question 16

tversky and kahneman

Answer 16

which heuristics people use when under uncertainty and resulting in practicable bias

Question 17

failures of coherence

Answer 17

focused on error led to pessimistic view of judgement

Question 18

what concepts does heuristics bias relies on q

Answer 18

attribute substitution,
natural assesement
_ kahneman and Fredrick 2002_

Question 19

attribution substitution

Answer 19

making hard judgements people switch to heuristic attribute as easier to judge
how representative is it

Question 20

natural assessment

Answer 20

judging using properties like size distance or cognitive fluency

Question 21

evidence for heuristic attributes

Answer 21

target attributes highly correlate with judgements of heuristic attributes with which have been substituted

Question 22

researcher evidence for heuristic attribute

Answer 22

kahenman and trverksy 2011

Question 23

what is conjunction fallacy

Answer 23

estimating conjunction to be more probable than either individual event

Question 24

representativeness

Answer 24

assesement of degree corrospondence between sample and population, instance or catagory outcome and model

Question 25

schemas and bias`

Answer 25

calculating probablity is hard so people judge based on similarity

Question 26

base rate neglect

Answer 26

judging likelyhood of situation without taking into account relevent data

Question 27

availability heuristics

Answer 27

immidiate examples that come to mind when making judgement

Question 28

positive of avaliability

Answer 28

ecologically valid cue for judgement for frequency as frequency events are easier to recall kahneman 1982

Question 29

errors of availability

Answer 29

people judge reletive importance from how easily they can recall it largly determined by the coverage by media K 2011

Question 30

anchoring and adjustments

Answer 30

people select values then make adjustments

Question 31

Anchoring meaning

Answer 31

insufficiently adjusting from initial value when estimating continuous variables e.g age weight

Question 32

applied judgements

Answer 32

frequency value keren and teigan 2004

Question 33

where does it fit?

Answer 33

increases plausibility of particular value of target attribute kahneman and Fred 2002