Henry VIII- annulment

Question 1

What were the three main factors in divorcing Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 1

• Theological reasons.
• Love for Anne Boleyn.
• Need for a male heir.

Question 2

What were the main reasons Wolsey was unable to obtain an annulment?

Answer 2

• Charles
• Successful opposition from Charles and Campeggio.
• Weakness of theological arguments.

Question 3

How does Henry justify his love for Anne Boleyn?

Answer 3

-He was living in sin and in danger of eternal damnation.

Question 4

What did Campeggio say about Henry’s feelings for Anne?

Answer 4

-Says nothing and thinks nothing but Anne.

Question 5

Why was Anne Boleyn a reason for divorce?

Answer 5

• Henry found Anne youthful, educated and Whitty.
• She was very Coy and refused to sleep with him until the marriage was assured.
• Likely drove Henry crazy.

Question 6

What does P.Gwyn say about Anne Boleyn?

Answer 6

That it would have been tactically foolish for Henry to reveal his love for her.

Question 7

How is the argument for theological arguments weakened by Henry’s love for Anne?

Answer 7

Anne’s sister had been Henry’s mistress which made the marriage just as problematic.

Question 8

Quotes from Henry’s love letters to Anne?

Answer 8

‘the love between us too’

‘give up yourself body and heart to me’

‘your most loyal servant’

Question 9

What were Henry’s main theological arguments?

Answer 9

• Did the pope have the authority to issue the papal dispensation?
• ‘Marriage was sinful- evident by the death of sons’
• Leviticus 20:16 (Broken Gods law)

Question 10

What was Leviticus 20:16?

Answer 10

• A man takes his brother’s wife; it is an unclean thing; they shall be childless.
• Had a son with Bessie Blount- Henry Fitzroy supposedly proving this.
• Only had Mary (Hebrew version specifically mentioned sons).

Question 11

What was the book of Deuteronomy?

Answer 11

A man’s duty to follow and marry his brother’s wife, if the brother died.

Question 12

What year did Henry seek to annul the marriage?

Answer 12

1525.

Question 13

How does Henry Fitzroy strengthen the argument that the need for a male heir was the most important reason for the annulment?

Answer 13

• Henry VIII gave him high prestige, lands and titles. (lord Lieutenant)
• Was a knight of the garter.
• Summoned to parliament.
• Was Henry training his ‘jewel’ as king out of desperation. (he died though). (sent to council of nouth).

Question 14

Why was there no real chance of an heir from Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 14

• He stopped sleeping with her in 1524.
• no pregnancy since 1518 and she was 47

Question 15

What was Henry’s fear of not having a male heir?

Answer 15

-Feared a succession crisis or even civil war upon his death.

Question 16

What shows the lack of precedent for a female ruler?

Answer 16

-shown by king Stephens seizure of the throne in 1135.

Question 17

What is a weakness of the argument that Henry’s need for a male heir was essential?

Answer 17

• Henry didn’t rush into the marriage- a smooth succession regarded them to be sixteen
• Henry was 36 in 1527.

Question 18

Why was the legitimacy of his marriage to Anne essential?

Answer 18

-Looking back at the ‘stain’ of the princes in the tower.

Question 19

What was the issue of Charles in gaining an annulement?

Answer 19

-He was dominating the pope and pulling the strings.

Question 20

Why did Charles oppose the annulment?

Answer 20

-Catherine was his aunt- Hapsburg pride.

Question 21

How did Charles attempt to stop the annulement? (1)

Answer 21

• Sacking Rome in 1527, meaning the Pope could not grant the annulment because he didn’t want to upset Charles
• Pope deliberate delays.
• Public opposition of the suspension of cloth trade in 1527 and 1528- Charles in control of Netherlands

Question 22

Who were the two main forces of opposition (other than Charles)

Answer 22

• Campeggio.
• Catherine.

Question 23

How did Campeggio oppose annulment?

Answer 23

• Campeggio was instructed by the pope to delay.
• constant complaints and took a year to get to Henry
• suspended court as summer recess demanded in July.
• His agreement was needed.

Question 24

How did Catherine oppose annulment?

Answer 24

• Did not want divorce
• Refused to go to convent ‘intended to live and die in the state of matrimony (letter written to Campeggio in 1528).
• Said her and Arthur has not consummated
• John Fisher provided her defence.

Question 25

What to finish

Answer 25

Charles and theological

Question 26

How did Charles oppose the annulment (2) (ASK MATT)

Answer 26

• French Cardinal rejection of Wolsey’s acting Pope proposal.
• Eventual peace made after battle of Landriano in 1529 where the French defeated.
• Cambrai and Barcelona- peace- no military solution.

Question 27

Why was Book of Deuteronomy more relevant than Leviticus (theological weakness)

Answer 27

• Arthur dead.
• 1509 Papal dispension-Leviticus was overlooked
• Pope was not going to say he was wrong because of the rising reform movements.

Question 28

What happened when the theological arguments became international?

Answer 28

-Catherine and Henry take sides and there are multiple books supporting her along with the Bishop of Rochester.