Henry VII- The nobility- COMPLETE Flashcards
What was meant by the great chain of being?
The king –> The great peers/ noblemen –> The lesser peers –> knights and merchants –> peasants.
How could nobles be useful to the king?
-Taking positions of government and offering advice.
-Earl of Northumberland in the north-east
-the duke of Norfolk in east Anglia
-Stanley’s in the northwest.
How can nobles be an issue to the king?
-Too powerful or disgruntled at a lack of patronage and then challenge the crown –> rebellions.
-Land equalled power.
What is an overmighty noble?
-Nobles acquire so much land, property, wealth, and men that can challenge the monarch.
Who was Warwick the king maker? (an example of an overmighty noble).
- land through inheritance and rewards for helping Edward IV overthrow Henry VI
- becomes disillusioned with Edward IV after his secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville.
- supported Henry VI in opposing Edward IV, showing his power, he was crucial in the deposition of Henry VI and Edward IV.
Who was Richard III married to?
Anne Neville and when Warwick died, he inherited half of his vast lands in 1471.
How was Henry lucky?
-Duke of Norfolk killed at Bosworth (potential overmighty noble).
-The rest of Warwick’s lands went to the ten-year-old earl of Warwick who was locked up.
Who were the Stanley’s
-Already owned a lot of land in the northwest of England.
-Last min aid at Bosworth.
-Thomas Stanely married Henry’s mother Margaret Beauford.
Who was Japer Tudor?
-Unmarried 55-year-old uncle.
-Loyal to Henry
-Fought at Bosworth.
Who was John De Vere? ITS NOT FAIR!
-Old Lancastrian who never supported Edward IV.
-Lived in exile.
-LOYAL commanders at Bosworth.
Who were the Courtenay cousins? CCCCCCourtenayyyy
-Old Lancastrian family
-fought bravely at Bosworth.
Who is suck up Thomas Howard the Earl of Surrey?
-He impressed Henry VII in 1489 when his guard said he would release him, but he refused to accept freedom from anybody but Henry himself.
-He then impressed him again in 1489 when he helped deal with rebels in Yorkshire.
How were the Stanley’s rewarded?
Chief justice of the household
How was Japer Tudor rewarded?
-Duke of Bedford
-Appointed chief justice
-Exception from fees of official documents.
How was John De Vere rewarded? Its not fair!!
-Earl of Oxford.
-Keeper of lions and leopards in the tower of the
London.
-Restoration of titles
How were the Courtenay cousins rewarded? CCCCCCourtenayyyyy
- recognition as kings councillor
-Keeper of Privy.
How was Thomas Howard the Earl of Surrey rewarded?
- the original Howard family estates, but not those acquired by his father.
-He eventually earnt back all of his titles when he won a victory over the Scots at Hodden
-Duke of Norfolk.
How did Henry control the nobility?
-Patronage.
-Henry also reduced the number of nobles during his reign from 50-35.
How did Henry control the nobility (the sticks)?
-Bonds and recognises.
-Limiting retainers.
-Acts of attainder.
-Feudal rights
-Restoration of crown lands.
How did Henry control the nobility (the carrots)?
-Order of the garter
-Great/kings council.
What were bonds and recognises?
-Financial suspended sentences. (sum of money if didn’t do a task).
-46/62 noble families financially linked to Henry.
-Marquess of Dorset and 10k per peer.
-5 heavily fined.
What were limiting retainers?
-Recruiting those of a lower social status to advance position in the lands.
-Outlawed in 1487 and 1504.
-In 1504 licence so a lord could employ retainers from the king’s system alone.
1506- Lord Burgavenny- too many retainers for his needs and was fined £5 for every retainer, totalled £70,550- withheld if he didn’t break more rules.
What were acts of attainder? (T)
-An act of parliament which declares a person is guilty of treason and loss of property to the crown.
-Special conditions attached.
-51 were passed from 1404- 1409, he reversed 5.
-John Howard Duke of Norfolk, imprisoned and lands taken off him,
-Marques of Dorset had to transferee all lands to trustees and £1,000 recognisances. Didn’t fully gain trust until he helped put down Cornish rebellion.
What was meant by feudal rights?
-Henry as king was the greatest feudal lords
-Those who held land owed dues.
-Wardship- taking control of land when a minor inherited it and taking profits. Tied to land and had to pay livery to get it back
-Profited from marriages of heiresses and prevents power blocks forming.
-Relief/ inheritance tax.
What is meant by the restoration of crown land?
-No land for good service.
-1486 act of resumption got back all lands given away before the war of the roses.
-Henry had 5X more land by the end of his reign.
-To reward sometimes forfeited lands of opponents.
What was the order of the garter?
-37 knights of his closest associates. PRESTIGE.
-Earl of Oxford.
-Reginald Bray
What was the great/kings council?
-Great- Discuss matters of emergency. Getting support for controversial topics. 1487- Simnel and 1491 France war.
-Kings- Loyalty Reginald Bray, Richard Guildford
How many noble families linked to Henry through bonds and recognizes?
36/62
How many acts of attainder passed by Henry?
51 were passed from 1504- 1509, he reversed 5.
How much was Lord Burganevvy fined for every retainer?
-£5 for every retainer totalling at £70,550
How much more land did Henry have at the end of his reign?
5X
How many knights of the garter?
37 of his closest associates.
How many noble families heavily fined by bonds and recognizes?
5
What did the Marquis of Dorset have to do due to acts of attainder?
- transferee all lands to trustees and £1,000 recognisances. Didn’t fully gain trust until he helped put down Cornish rebellion.
What years were limiting retainers banned?
1487 and 1504
