Henry VII- Government/ domestic policy- COMPLETE

Question 1

What was the kings council?

Answer 1

• advise the king, administer law and order and prosecute noblemen.

-227 councillors eligible to sit but only 40 did regularly.

-1/2 church rest nobility.

-Promoted members of the gentry to the council- especially lawyers.

Question 2

What are the sub-categories of the kings council?

Answer 2

-Courts of request.

-Court of general surveyors.

-The council learned in law.

Question 3

What are the courts of request?

Answer 3

-Delt with requests from ordinary people.

Question 4

What are the courts of general surveyors?

Answer 4

-Checked revenue coming in from crown lands.

Question 5

What is the council learned in law?

Answer 5

-Staffed by lawyers and property experts.

-Delt with problems concerning wardship/ lands

-managing rents and bonds/ recognises. (falsified no appeals).

-Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Puntley.

Question 6

What were the main roles and functions of parliament?

Answer 6

-House of commons and Lords, traditionally used to raise taxes.

-Only used seven times in Henrys 24 year reign for a total of 12 months.

-Mainly used to pass acts of attainder and laws.

-Only king could call on parliament- did to secure himself.

Question 7

What were the most important jobs in the government?

Answer 7

-Lord chancellor.

-Lord Privy seal,

-The lord treasurers

Question 8

What and who was a lord chancellor?

Answer 8

-Responsible for administration.

-Henry had 4, John Matron the longest serving.

Question 9

Who and what is a lord privy seal?

Answer 9

-Responsible for the seals to enforce royal orders.

-Bishop Richard Fox had this role from 1487-1509.

Question 10

Who and what was a lord treasurer?

Answer 10

-Responsible for finance.

-John Lord Bytham.

Question 11

What was Northern England like and what was it essential for?

Answer 11

-it could be a lawless area and was essential for defence against the Scots.

Question 12

Who was initially in charge of Northern England and who did it change to?

Answer 12

-Earl of Northumberland

-Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey (loyal and no vested interest).

Question 13

What was Wales like?

Answer 13

-Very difficult area to run

-Cause of great disorder during the war of the roses.

Question 14

What were the northern countries called?

Answer 14

The principality of wales.

Question 15

Who was the rest of the country ran by?

Answer 15

-The great noblemen known as the marcher lords who had a lot of freedom from the crown.

Question 16

Who was running Wales in 1485?

Answer 16

-Jasper Tudor led by Henry’s son Arthur.

Question 17

How many marcher lords in 1495?

Answer 17

-the great marcher lords reduced from 50 in 1485 to around 24.

Question 18

Which area in Ireland did the king directly govern?

Answer 18

Pale.

Question 19

Who was the rest of Ireland governed by?

Answer 19

-Anglo-Irish Lords and Irish chieftains.

-No English king had managed to dominate Ireland

Question 20

Why did Henry’s predecessors find it easier to deal with Ireland?

Answer 20

-buy off the Irish nobility- titles and some power

-Lord Kildare for example was appointed Lord Deputy and Chancellor of Ireland in 1485.

-But Henry had to be careful because Kildare involved in Simnel plot.

Question 21

Who did Henry send to attempt to govern Ireland?

Answer 21

-Prince Henry Lord Lieutenant and sent Sir Edward Ponying’s over as his Deputy.

Question 22

What was “Poynings law”

Answer 22

-no Irish Parliament could pass legislation that had not already been approved by the King’s Council.

Question 23

Why did Poynings law fail and what did Henry have to do?

Answer 23

-Monarchical style was just not going to work

-Revert to buying off chieftains

-Lord Kildare restored as Deputy.

Question 24

What problems did Henry VII face in the local government?

Answer 24

-Lacked his own paid officials in every area to enforce his laws.

-Reliance on the nobility

Question 25

What was the local law enforcement like before and at the beginning of Henry’s reign?

Answer 25

-Every county had a sheriff appointed by landowners annually and kept the king’s peace by arresting and prosecuting criminals.

-Henry VII gradually reduced their role and influence and gave more powers to the JP’s.

Question 26

What is a JP?

Answer 26

-Around since the twelfth century.

-the chief local government officers.

-Maintenance of public order.

Question 27

What new responsibilities were JP’s given?
juicy red rasberries nibble bananas

Answer 27

-justice

-Rewarding informants.

-Replacing suspect juries.

-no jury in non capital

-bail

Question 28

What was the issue with JP’s?

Answer 28

-Were still limited by the fact they had to rely on landowners and other officials bringing suspected criminals to them.

Question 29

Who employed the JP’s?

Answer 29

-They were appointed annually directly from the crown.

-Henry VII mainly appointed members of the gentry.

Question 30

Which parts of government were a success?

Answer 30

-Central government.

-Parliament.

-Regional government.

-Local government.

Question 31

How was the central government a success?

Answer 31

-strong central government

-reformation of the king’s council

Question 32

How was parliament a success?

Answer 32

-The parliament didn’t meet many times.

-Used parliament as a tool to get what he wanted.

Question 33

How was regional government a success?

Answer 33

-The Earl of Northumberland died and an Unbiast noble was appointed.

-Kept a very close eye on them, appointing his uncle to govern Wales.

Question 34

How was local government a success?

Answer 34

-Nobody rebelled against it.

-Increased the JP’s powers a small but effective amount.

Question 35

Who is the centre of the government (intro)

Answer 35

-Henry

-the next was the council (small group).

Question 36

Who makes up the council?

Answer 36

-Nobility

-churchmen

-lawyers (Empson and Dudley)

Question 37

What were courtiers?

Answer 37

-Try to gain support of king to aid them with legal issues.

-Influence of them depended on relationship with King.

-Included the household proper, the chamber.

Question 38

What is the privy chamber?

Answer 38

-Retreat.

-Secluded king.

Question 39

Common system of tax under Henry?

Answer 39

-fifteenths and tenths.

Question 40

Who ruled Ireland but were stripped of all titles because of Perkin Warbeck support?

Answer 40

The Geraldine family (Kildare as its head).

Question 41

Which Irish ruler was first?

Answer 41

Geraldine’s- Poynings- back to Geraldine’s.

Question 42

Overriding reason why Henry could just not support Ireland?

Answer 42

-Money.