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Histology > Hematopoesis > Flashcards

Hematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are totipotent cells?

A

cells that give rise to all cells of an organism, including embryonic and extraembryonic tissues; e.g. a zygote.

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2
Q

What are pluripotent cells?

A

cells that give rise to all cells of the embryo and adult tissues; e.g. embryonic stem cells.

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3
Q

What are multipotent cells?

A

cells that give rise to different cell types of a given lineage (e.g. adult stem cells).

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4
Q

Where are embryonic stem cells from?

A

the inner mass of blastocysts; they are pluripotent.

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5
Q

Where do adult stem cells come from?

A

mature organs/tissues (bone marrow).

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6
Q

Where does hematopoesis occur during the first six months of gestation?

A

blood islands -> liver -> spleen

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7
Q

What is red marrow the source of?

A

all blood cells

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8
Q

What are the 4 components of bone marrow?

A

stroma, parenchyma, sinusoids and hematopoetic cords

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9
Q

What does the stroma do?

A

synthesizes and secretes hematopoeitic growth factors.

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10
Q

What does the parenchyma do?

A

contains various lineages of hematopoetic cells in different stages of differetiation.

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11
Q

What do the sinusoids do?

A

provide access for mature blood cells to move; they are lined by endothelium

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12
Q

What are the hematopoietic cords?

A

they are bands of parenchyma and stroma lying between the sinusoids.

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13
Q

What are the three major multipotential stem cells?

A

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), myeloid stem cell, lymphoid stem cells

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14
Q

What does the HSC differentiate into?

A

myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells.

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15
Q

How do mature blood cells migrate in the bone marrow?

A

from the hematopoietic cords through the sinusoidal endothelial walls into the sinusoids.

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16
Q

What is the myeloid/erythroid ratio?

A

Total volume of cells in granulocytopoiesis/total volume of cells in erythropoiesis.

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17
Q

What cells do lymphocytes produce?

A

T cells and B cells.

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18
Q

What cells are derived from myeloid stem cells?

A

granlocyte-macrophages, eosinophil, basophil, magakaryocytes and erythroid cells.

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19
Q

How do mature cells migrate into the blood stream?

A

they migrate from the hematopoietic cords into the sinusoids.

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20
Q

What molecule is too large to migrate from the hematopoietic cords into the sinusoids?

A

megakaryocytes.

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21
Q

What are the three compartments of hematopoietic cells?

A

stem cell, differentiating and functional compartment.

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22
Q

What compartment/niche of the stem cell does the functional compartment contain?

A

Immediate precursors of mature blood cells, as well as mature blood cells.

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23
Q

True or false: hematopoietic stem cells are pluripotential

A

True; they can become myeloid or tem cells.

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24
Q

What kinds of cells do myeloid cells give rise to?

A

all blood cell lines except lymphocytes.

25
Q

What kind of cells do lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

A

lymphoid stem cells

26
Q

What are the two divisions of leukocytes?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes. PIC

27
Q

What leukocytes are classified as granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. PIC

28
Q

What leukocytes are classified as agranulocytes?

A

monocytes and lymphocytes. PIC

29
Q

What is a CFU?

A

colony forming unit.

30
Q

The myeloid stem cells give rise to what CFUS?

A

erythroid, megakaryocyte, basophil, eosinophil and granulocyte macrophage.

31
Q

When an erythroid interacts with erythropoietin, what molecule is formed?

A

proerythroblast PIC

32
Q

When a myegakaryocyte CFU interacts with thrombopoietin, what molecule is formed?

A

megakaryocytoblast PIC

33
Q

When a basophil CFU interacts with SFC, what molecule is formed?

A

myeoblast PIC

34
Q

When an eosinophil CFU interacts with SFC, what molecule is formed?

A

myeloblast PIC

35
Q

When a granulocyte/monocyte macrophage CFU interacts with M-CSF, what molecule is formed?

A

monoblast PIC

36
Q

What are the final products of the differentiation of granulocyte macrophage CFUs?

A

macrophages and neutrophils

37
Q

What is the final product of the differentiation of erythroid cfus?

A

eosinophils

38
Q

What is the final product of the differentiation of basophil CFUs?

A

mast cells

39
Q

The lymphoid stem cell gives rise to what cell lines?

A

T cells and B cells

40
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

A

thymus

41
Q

Where to B-cells mature?

A

bone marrow

42
Q

What is the lineage of neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils?

A

myeloblast -> pro -> myelocyte -> meta -> mega -> band -> final product; each step (except the last) includes a myelocyte. PIC

43
Q

What is the lineage of marcophages?

A

monoblsat -> pro -> mono -> macrophage; each step inclues a monoblast. PIC

44
Q

What is the lineage of megakaryocytes?

A

megakaryoblast -> megakaryocytes -> platelets

45
Q

What is the lineage of erythryocytes?

A

proerythroblast -> basophilic -> polychromatic -> orthochromatic -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte

46
Q

Erythroidpoeitin isfound in the liver and is induced by what kind conditions in the body?

A

hypoxia and heart/lung diseases.

47
Q

G-CSF is found in endothelial cells It is induced by what response?

A

inflammatory response.

48
Q

GM-CSF has what functions?

A

it supports erythroid cell lineage and stimulates megakaryocyte progenitors.GM

49
Q

Thrombopoietin is found in the liver induced by what response?

A

inflammatory response;

50
Q

Where are hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines produced?

A

the marrow, fibroblasts and stromal cells.

51
Q

What are the major groups of hemaopoietic growth factors?

A

colony stimulating factors, erythropoietin/thrombopoietin and cytokines.

52
Q

GM-CSF is often used in chemotherapy. What does GM-CSF stimulate?

A

granulocytopoiesis and monocytopoeisis

53
Q

What does monocyte colony stimulating factor do?

A

commits CFU-GM to the monocytic pathway.

54
Q

When is erythropoietin produced?

A

When the kidneys have a decreased oxygen saturation. If too much is released, polycythemia can occur.

55
Q

Where is thrombopoietin produced?

A

the kidney and liver. It does not have any therapeutic use.

56
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

mediates positive and negative effects of apaprotis, proliferation and differentiation; it also starts some signaling pathways.

57
Q

What do chemoines do?

A

regulate blood cell trafficking, act as positive/negative feedback regulators.

58
Q

What are some ECM components of hematopoietic growth factors?

A

laminin, heparin sulfates, collagen, laminin fibronectin

Histology (17 decks)

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