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Histology > Cell Adhesion Molecules and Junctional Complexes > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion Molecules and Junctional Complexes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

It separates the epithelial layer from connective tissue and consists of the basal and reticular lamina.

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2
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

The layer of the basement membrane in contact with epithelial tissue. It is produced by the epithelium and contains collagen and other glycoproteins.

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3
Q

What is the reticular lamina?

A

The layer of the basement membrane under the basal lamina. It contains type III collagen.

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4
Q

What are some components of the basal lamina?

A

laminin, fibronectin, type IV collagen, entactin and proteoglycans.

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5
Q

What produces type IV collagen?

A

epithelial cells.

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6
Q

What is laminin?

A

the major component of the basal lamina; it has binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen, entactin and proteoglycans.

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7
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

A protein made up of two polypeptide chains cross-linked by disulfide bonds. It can be cellular or plasma and has binding sites for heparin, integrins, collagen and fibrin.

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8
Q

What are the two types of cell-adhesion molecules?

A

calcium independent and calcium dependent.

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9
Q

What are the calcium dependent CAMs?

A

cadherins and selectins

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10
Q

What are the calcium independent CAMs?

A

integrins and immunoglobulin superfamily molecules.

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11
Q

What do cadherins join?

A

the internal cytoskeleton of a cell and the exterior of another cell.

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12
Q

What do adherins join?

A

The internal cytoskeleton of a cell and the extracellular matrix.

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13
Q

Where are E-cadherins found?

A

epithelial tissue

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14
Q

What do E-cadherins form, and where are they found?

A

dimers that bind to calcium; they are found at the tip of extracellular end of cadherin molecule.

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15
Q

What is the function of E-cadherin?

A

maintenance of most epithelial layers; it relies of calcium to do so or else the cells will break down.

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16
Q

What are catenins?

A

small group of proteins that link the cytoplasmic end of a cadherin with actin.

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17
Q

What is the function of cadherins?

A

To mediate a link with actin, interact with regulatory molecules of actin cytoskeleton and to control adhesive state of EC domain of cadherins.

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18
Q

Catenins are the major interface between what two things?

A

Cadherins that hold adjacent cells together and the actin cytoskeletons of the cells.

19
Q

What are selectins?

A

calcium dependent CAMs that bind to carbohydrates (receptor is for a specific one).

20
Q

What family do selectins belong to?

A

lectin (group that binds carbohydrates).

21
Q

What are selectins involved in?

A

The movement of leukocytes from blood to tissues.

22
Q

What are the classes of selectins?

A

P-selectins (platelets/immune response), E-selectins (endothelial cells); L-selectins (leukocytes).

23
Q

What are integrins?

A

Glycoproteins that are mainly involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions.

24
Q

Where do integrins bind?

A

to the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton (fibrin and laminin).

25
Q

What CAM molecules does integrin bind to in the cytoskeleton?

A

Fibronectin and laminin

26
Q

What do laminin and fibronectin interact with?

A

Collagen, heparan, entactin

27
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

calcium-INdependent CAM; it is the extracellular segment of a CAM.

28
Q

What are the five types of junctional complexes?

A

adherens, occludens, gap junctions, zonula and macular

29
Q

What are adherens?

A

junctional complex that anchors cells together and reinforces the physical integrity of tissues. They are found on the basolateral surfaces.

30
Q

What are occludens?

A

junctional complex that establishes impermeable barriers between adjacent cells to prevent transport and maintain concentration differences.

31
Q

What are zonula?

A

junctions (either adherens or occludens) that line the circumference of a cell and link all neighboring cells to a central cell.

32
Q

What are macula?

A

junctions (adherens) that are like “spots” that are between the basolateral OR basal domains of cells.

33
Q

What are desmogleins?

A

cahderin proteins in the junctions (adherens). They are found in the epidermis. They are linked to the cytoplasm via desmoplakin and plakoglobin.

34
Q

What are zonula adherens?

A

Associated with actin microfilaments.

35
Q

What are the macula dherens?

A

associated with intermediate filaments (tonofilaments).

36
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Anchoring unctions that anchor the basal domain of the pithelial cell to the basal lamina.

37
Q

What is the zonal occludens?

A

A belt-like junction that prevent paracellular transport.

38
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

circumferential belts at the apical domain of epithelial cells and linking adjacent endothelial cells.

39
Q

What are focal adhesions?

A

Spots that anchor the cell to the extracellular mateix via integrins.

40
Q

How are adhesions different from desmosomes?

A

Adhesions attach to actin filaments via connecting proteins and desmosomes attach to tonofilaments, such as keratin.

41
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

A communicating junction that allows cells to directly communicate. They are composed of connexons.

42
Q

What are connexons?

A

They are what gap junctions are composed of. They facilitate movement of molecules.

43
Q

When do gap junctions close?

A

When calcium concentrations are high.

44
Q

What is the function of a gap junction?

A

regulate calcium concentration, chemical and electrical coupling.

Histology (17 decks)

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