Hematology Flashcards
Megaloblastic, peripheral neuropathy, MMA (methylmalonic acid)
B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic, no neuro sx
Folate deficiency
Blood loss, microcytic, low ferritin, homocysteine
Iron deficiency
Microcytic/normocytic, normal ferritin
Anemia of chronic dz
Increased LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), reticulocyte, indirect bilirubin, decreased haptoglobin
Hemolysis
Pancytopenia, low reticulocyte count, bone bx
Aplastic anemia
X-linked enzyme deficiency, infection, fava beans, bite cells, heinz body
G6PD
Most common bleeding d/o, elevated aPTT, von willebrand factor activity, RIPA (ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation), Desmopressin
Von Willebrand
ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) is an ex vivo assay for live platelet function. It measures platelet aggregation with the help of von Willebrand factor (vWF)
Desmopressin is a clotting promoter and antidiurenic
X-linked recessive d/o, hemarthrosis, normal platelets, prolonged aPTT
Hemophilia
Thrombophilia, DVT, PE, No screening
Factor V Leiden
Anticardiolipin antibody, recurrent pregnancy loss, prolonged aPTT, Russel viper venom test, DVT
Antiphospholipid syndrome
4+ days, thrombosis, ELISA, venous limb gangrene
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Shiga toxin producing E. coli, 0157:H7, Quinine, Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia
65 y/o, Myeloid, Auer rod, Phi bodies, M3 all-trans-retinoic acid, >20% blasts
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Children, lymphoid, >20% blasts, TdT
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Neutrophils, basophilia, leukocytosis, 9:22 translocation, Philadelphia Chromosome, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Non functioning B cells, lymphadenopathy, Lymphocytosis, Flow cytometry, Rituximab
Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia (CLL)
Painless cervical lymphadenopathy, B sx, Reed Sternberg cells, Mediastinal mass, Excisional node bx
Hodgkin Lymphoma
B sx: fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Reed Sternberg cells: “Owl’s Eye”
Plasma cells, IgG, IgA, Bence Jones protein, Rouleaux formation, >10% clonal plasma cells
Multiple Myeloma
A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine (“bent yellow and blue”)
Rouleaux formation: RBCs in a coin stacking formation
Vaso occlusion, hemolytic anemia, cold, hypoxia, alcohol, infection, Howell Jolly bodies, PCN <5 y/o, hydroxyurea
Sickle Cell
Howell–Jolly bodies are histopathological findings of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes. During maturation in the bone marrow, late erythroblasts normally expel their nuclei, but in some cases a small portion of DNA remains. Its presence usually signifies a damaged or absent spleen because a healthy spleen would normally filter this type of red blood cell.
