Cardiology Pharmacology Flashcards
Systolic heart failure (for sx control only), and AFib (not 1st line)
Digoxin
Hemodynamic support for hypotension with sx bradycardia. Adjunct medication used in shock that persists after adequate fluid administration.
Dopamine
Severe/refractory HF and cardiogenic shock–can be coupled with dopamine to maintain adequate BP, also used for stress echocardiogram testing.
Dobutamine
Septic shock
Norepinephrine
Anaphylaxis, 2nd line for septic shock, mydriasis during interocular surgery, asystole/pulseless arrest, VFib, and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
Epinephrine
PSVT and stress testing
Adenosine
HTN, SVT (non-dihydropyridines only), AFib (non-dihydropyridines only), prinzmetal angina, stable angina (for sx control if they cannot tolerate BB–do not lower mortality), Raynauds, migraine prophylaxis, cluster HA prophylaxis (verapamil), and primary pulmonary HTN
CCB
HTN (never 1st line), ADHD (extended release), pain (epidural), opioid w/drawal, Tourette syndrome, and hot flashes.
Clonidine
HTN in pregnancy
Methyldopa
Alpha 1 antagonist is used for HTN and BPH. Tamsulosin is used as MET in nephrolithiasis, BPH, and in bladder outlet obstruction syndrome. Nonselective: Alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist–used in pheochromocytoma
Alpha blocker
CAD (angina, MI, and post MI), CHF (carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol succinate all reduce mortality), AFib, HTN, tachycardias, arrhythmias, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, MVP, esophageal varices bleeding prophylaxis (propranolol), and essential tremor (propranolol)
Beta Blocker
CHF (systolic), MI, CKD, HTN (1st line if DM, except in AA population–no benefit noted), and diabetic nephropathy
ACE-I
When a cough develops while the pt is on an ACE
ARB
CHF class 3 and 4 (lowers mortality), eplerenone is used when pts have endocrine side effects to spironolactone (i.e. gynecomastia), ascites, and primary hyperaldosteronism
Aldosterone antagonist
Those who have an EF <35%, are in sinus rhythm, and who’s HR is >70 bpm (cannot due to pacemaker), this medication lowers mortality in pts with CHF
Ivrabradine
NYHA functional Class II-IV HF with reduced EF, it’s not clear if pts should be tx’d with an ACE, monotherapy ARB, or with combination sacubitril-valsartan as 1st line therapy
Sacubitril valsartan (ARNI)
HTN (osteoporosis 1st line), renal stone prophylaxis (calcium oxylate–pulls calcium out of the urine), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and edema
Thiazide diuretics
Pulmonary edema, CHF, pedal edema, and hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics
Angina, acute MI, CHF, anal fissure, eaophageal spasm, and achalasia
NTG
Primary and secondary prevention of MI/CVA/TIA, CAD/PAD, ACS (chewed), pain and fever
ASA
Clopidogrel: ACS (loading dose), post MI–combined with ASA. Post ischemic stroke (not combined with ASA). Also used to prevent coronary stent thrombosis
Clopidogrel
NSTEMI and unstable angina
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
All are used in acute MI when PCI is not available–within 12 hours of CP and given within 30 minutes of admission
Thrombolytics
______ can also be used for: Ischemic stroke–within 4.5 hours of sx onset, PE with hemodynamic instability, it may also be used off label in acute limb ischemia and in retinal artery/vein occlusion
Alteplase
Peripheral artery disease
Cilostazol
All are approved for anticoagulation of DVT and PE, Rivaroxaban and apixaban may also be used for AFib (native and non valvular)
Factor Xa Inhibitor
Anticoagulation for DVT, PE, and AFib (native and non valvular)
Dabigatran
ACS, PE, DVT (acute and prophylaxis), AFib, and for anticoagulation in antiphospholipid syndrome
Heparin
1st line in AFib with mechanical valves/mitral stenosis
Warfarin
CAD and HLD
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
