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hemato oncologie Flashcards

1
Q

bleeding time in hemophilia A and B

A

normal

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2
Q

bleeding time in von willebrand disease

A

prolonged

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3
Q

cause of prolonged bleeding time

A

any platelet dysfunction

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4
Q

most common hereditatary bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand disease

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5
Q

mode de transmission of von willebrand disease

A

autosomal dominant

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6
Q

cause fo thrombocytopenia PLATELETS

A 
Platelet disorders
leukemia
anemia
trauma
enlargfed spleen
liver disease
ethanol
toxins
sepsis
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7
Q

platelets disorders(3)

A

TTP
ITP
DIC

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8
Q

toxins causing thrombocytopenia(4)

A

benzene
heparin
aspirin
chemo

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9
Q

indication of petechiae

A

platelet disorder

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10
Q

significance of bleeding in cavities or joints

A

clotting factor deficiency

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11
Q

inherited cause of hypercoagulable state(6)

A 
protein V leiden
protein C and S deficiency
antithrombin 3 deficiency
homocysteinemia
fibrinolysis defect
prothrombin gene mutation
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12
Q

acquired causes of hypercoagulable state(7)

A 
cancer (trousseau syndrome)
MI
prolonged bed rest or immobilisation
pregnancy
estrogens
tissue damage in trauma or surgery
hyperlipidemia
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13
Q

acquired causes of hypercoagulable state(10)

A 
vasculitis
MM
Lupus anticoagulant
nephrotic syndrome
smoking
warfarin (on initiation rx)
Myeloproliferative disorder
PNH
HIT/thrombosis
TTP
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14
Q

the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

factor V leiden

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15
Q

quid acute leukemia

A

proliferation of blast cells

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16
Q

chronic leukemia

A

proliferation of more mature differentiated cells

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17
Q

Lymphocytic leukemias

A

neoplasms of lymphoid cells B and T cells

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18
Q

myelogenous leukemias

A

neoplasms of myeloid cells

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19
Q

quid of myeloid cells(4)

A

granulocytes
monocytes
platelets
erythrocytes

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20
Q

quid of lignees des myeloblastes(3)

A

Neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

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21
Q

lignees des eosinophiles basophiles et eosino(4)

A

promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
band

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22
Q

lignees des plaquettes(3)

A

megacaryoblast
megakaryocytes
platelets

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23
Q

lignees des monocytes(2)

A

monoblast

monocytes

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24
Q

lignees des B and T cells(2)

A

lymphoblast

donne B at T cell

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25
destin des B cells
plasma cell
26
destin des T cells
active T cell
27
lignees des GR(3)
proerythroblast reticulocytes erythrocytes
28
signs of leukemia LEUKEMIA
``` light skin energy low underweight kidney failure excess heat(fever) mottled skin(hemorrage) infections anemia ```
29
most common leukemia up to age of 15
ALL
30
most common leukemia 15-59 ans
AML | CML
31
most common leukemia age 60 and over
CLL
32
association of ALL with genetic disease
We ALL fo DOWN together
33
quid of Auer rods
eosinophilic needle like cytoplasmic inclusions found in blast cells
34
disease with Auer rods
AML
35
peripheral smear in AML(3)
auer rods dudan black + myeloperoxydase stains+
36
flow cytometry of CLL(2)
CD 19 | CD5
37
complication of CLL(2)
autoimmune hemolytic anemia | richter syndrome
38
richter's syndrome quid
isolated lymph node transformation into agressive large cell lymphoma
39
clue association for AML type M3
DIC
40
clue association for AML type M5
gingival hyperplasia
41
role of BCR abl gene
encodes for chimeric protein with strong tyrosine kinase activity
42
clue tumor lysis syndrome(4)
high phosphate high K+ high acid uric Low calcium
43
disease with plasma cells proliferation(3)
M
44
Dx of MGUS
M protein in serum without evidence of the disease
45
dx of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
IGM spike
46
anemia with high retic > ou egal a 2,5(2)
Hemolysis | hemorrage
47
anemia with low reticulocytes < 2,5 normocytic
hypoproliferative marrow
48
cause of Marrow hypoproliferation(3)
marrow damage iron deficiency decreased stimulation
49
causes of marrow damage
infiltration and fibrosis | aplasia
50
causes of decrease stimulation of marrow(3)
inflammation metabolic defect renal disease
51
anemia with low reticulocytes < 2,5 micro or macrocytic
maturation disorder
52
causes of maturation disorder(2)
cytoplasmic defects | nuclear defects
53
causes of cytoplasmic defects(3)
iron deficiency thalassemia sideroblastic anemia
54
cause of nuclear defects(4)
folate deficiency vit b12 deficiency drug toxicity refractory anemia
55
cause hemolysis /hemorrage in high reticulocyte anemia(7)
``` blood loss intravascular hemolysis metabolic defect membrane abnormality hemogloninopathy autoimmune defect fragmentation hemolysis ```
56
cause of microcytic anemia(TICS)(4)
thalassemia iron deficiency chronic disease sideroblastic anemia
57
cause of normocytic anemia
anemia of chropnic disease uremia hypothyroidism bone marrow failure(aplastic anemia)
58
blister cell
G6PD deficiency
59
burr cell
acute renal failure | uremia
60
characteristics of iron deficiency anemia(5)FEKAP
``` FEKAP fatigue exercice tolerance decreased koilonychia angular cheilitis Pica Pallor ```
61
Pentad of TTP FAT RN
``` Fever Anemia Thrombocytemia Renal dysfunction Neurologic abnormalities ```
62
Why in DIC you have increased PT/PTT
ACTIVATION OF THE CASCADE CLOTTING
63
PTT/PT IN TTP/HUS
NORMAL
64
Why in TTP/HUS you have PT/PTT is normal
because of platelet aggregation
65
cause of HUS(3)
E coli 0157 h7 viral illness gastroenteritis
66
cause of TTP(3)
HIV infection pregnancy OCP use
67
causes of DIC(5)
``` gram negative sepsis transfuion crash injury obstetric complication adenocarcinoma ```
68
causes of microangiopathic anemia(3)
HUS TTP DIC
69
symptoms of DIC(2)
bleeding | thrombosis
70
coagulation in DIC(2)
high PT/PTT | high bleeding time
71
coagulation in TTP(2)
normal PT/PTT | high bleeding time
72
coagulation of HUS
normal PT/PTT
73
symptoms of HUS(3)
anemia uremia low platelet
74
symptom of TTP(3)
HUS plus fever neurologic finding
75
labs in DIC(2)
high d dimer(or fibrin split prducts) low fibrinogen low platelet
76
coombs test in HUS-TTP
normal
77
LDH in HUS TTP
high
78
pathology(peripheral smear) of HUS TTP/DIC
shistocytes
79
rx of HUS
dyalisis
80
rx of TTP(4)
plasmapheresis corticosteroids ASA splenectomy
81
rx of DIC(2)
transfuse with platelets | cryoprecipitate
82
precipitation of sickle cell crisis(3)
infection dehydration hypoxia
83
quid of sickle cell disease
defect in B globin chain
84
quid of thallassemia
decreased quantity of an alpha or beta globin chain
85
quid of porphyria
defect in heme synthesis
86
consequence of Hemoglobinuria(2)
ATN | renal failure
87
laps de temps of occurance of hyperacute rejection
within minutes
88
cause of hyperacute rejection
vascular thrombi from preformed antidonor antibodies
89
rx of hyperacute rejection
remove the transplant organ
90
laps de temps of occurance of acute rejection
five days to 3 months after transplant
91
cause of acute rejection
cytotoxic T lymphocytes reacts against foreign MHC,s
92
rx of acute rejection(2)
``` steroids antilymphocyte antibody (OKT3) ```
93
chronic rejection occurance
months to years after transplant
94
rx of chronic rejection
none
95
when graft versus host disease occurs in the setting of Bone marrow transplant(2)
acute: first 100 days after transplantation chronic: occurs 100 days after transplant
96
firts manif acute of graft versus host disease
pruritic painful rash
97
acute manif of graft versus host disease(3)
pruritic painful rash jaundice hepatomegaly
98
physiopatho of graft versus host disease
donor engrafted immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the hosts and attack host proteins recognised as foreign
99
cancer associated with Down syndrome
ALL
100
cancer associated with xeroderma pigmentosum
SCC | Bcc skin for both
101
cancer associated with pernicious anemia | atrophic gastritis and post surgical gastric remnants
gastric adenocarcinoma
102
quid of tuberous sclerosis(3)
facial angiofibroma seizures mental retardation
103
cancer associated with tuberous sclerosis(2)
astrocytoma | cardiac rhabdomyoma
104
cancer associated with actinic keratosis
SCC
105
cancer associated with barret
adenocarcinoma of esophagus
106
cancer associated with plummer vinson syndrome
SCC of esophagus
107
quid of plummer vinson(3)
atrophic glossitis esophageal webs anemia
108
cause of all symptom in plummer vinson
iron deficiency anemia
109
cancer associated with cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
110
cancer associated with ulcerative colitis
colonic adenocarcinoma
111
cancer associated with paget's disease of the bone(2)
2o osteosarcoma | fibrosarcoma
112
cancer associated with immunodeficient states
malignant lymphomas
113
cancer associated with AIDS(2)
agressive malignant lymphoma (non hogkin) | sarcome de kaposi
114
cancer associated with autoimmune disease(hashimoto,myasthenie gravis)
benign and malignant thymoma
115
cancer associated with acanthosis nigricans(5)
``` visceral malignancy stomach lung breast uterus ```
116
cancer associated with dysplastic nevus
malignant melanoma
117
coagulation in Hemophilia A and B
PTT prolonged only theat
118
coagulation in von willebrand
PTT PROLONGED | bleeding time prolonged
119
hypercoagulability caused by SN
antithrombin 3 deficiency
120
role of antithrombin 3(3)
inhibitor of proteases block thrombin and factor 10 potentiates action of heparin
121
consequence of antithrombin 3 deficiency(2)
thrombosis in young adults | apparent resistance to heparin
122
role of thrombomodulin(2)
receptor for thrombin on endothelial cells | thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C
123
role of protein C(4)
body's natural anticoagualnt inactivate factor V et 8 stimulates fibrinolysis Vit K dependent
124
role of protein S(2)
cofactor required for activation of protein C | Vit K dependent
125
protein C et s deficiency(2)
thrombosis in young adults | risk of skin necrosis if oral anticoagulant is given before heparin
126
quid of direct coombs test
test for antibodies on patients erythrocytes
127
quid of indirect coombs test
test for antibodies in patients serum
128
disease of direct test coombs positif(3)
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction autoimmune hemolytic anemia erythroblastosis fetalis
129
disease with indirect test de coombs positif(2)
isoimmunisation from previous transfusion | Rh sensitisation from previuous pregnancy
130
cold agglutinins
antibodies against RBC,s
131
cryoglobulins
non specific immunoglobulins which reversible precipitate in the cold
132
disease with cryoglobulins(2)
MM | waldenstrom
133
disease with cold agglutins(4)
Mycoplasma pneumonia mononucleosis Measles /mumps lymphoma
134
major cause of death in polycythemia vera
thrombosis
135
complication of polycythemia vera
convert to AML
136
quid of burr cells
RBC with regular membranes spikes or bumps
137
sickle cell trait
60% HBA | 40% HBS
138
sickle cell anemia
90 % HBS | 10 % HB F
139
sc disease
50 % HBS | 50% HBC
140
problem in sickle cell disease
point mutation on the B chain(HBS)
141
thalassemia major
5 % hb A 2 | 95 % HB F
142
symptom in thalassemia major(2)
iron overload | severe anemia
143
thalassemia minor
90 % HBA 5 % HBA 2 5% HBf
144
cold agglutinin
IG M
145
warm agglutinin
IGG
146
disease with warm agglutinin
``` lymphoma CLL SLE viral infections drugs ```
147
drugs with warm agglutinin(2)
penicillin | quinidine
148
paroxysmal nocturnal hemolytic disease
RBC granulocytes and platelets are unusually sensitive to complement coomb's test negative rbc lysis in hypotonic solution
149
quid of sugar water test
RBC lysis in hypotonic solution in PNH
150
paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
cold type IGg against red blood cell P antigen | complement mediated RBC lysis occurs after rewarming blood
151
quid of Donath landsteiner antibodies
cold type IGg against red blood cell P antigen in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
152
increased neutro
bacterial infections pregnancy corticosteroids
153
decreased neutro(2)
bone marrow suppression | overwhelming infection
154
cause of of bone marrow suppression(4)
cytotoxic drugs chloram chlorpromazine quinine
155
overwhelming infections causing decreased neutro(2)
disseminated TB | sepsis
156
high eosino(2)
allergy | parasites
157
low eosino(2)
stress | steroids
158
high lymphocytes(3)
viral infections ALL CLL
159
CAUSE OF LOW LYMPHO(3)
STRESS MARROW SUPPRESSION aids
160
cause of low platelets(3)
DIC ITP TTP
161
Atypical lymphocytes
mononucleosis
162
left shift in Hg(2)
bacterial infection | hemorrage
163
right shift in Hg (2)
megaloblastic anemia | iron deficiency anemia
164
age pour AML
AT ANY AGES
165
AGE FOR HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
ENVIRON 50 ANS
166
Leukemia with poor prognostic(2)
CML | HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIAS
167
Prognosis of AML IN CHILDREN
good
168
why low platelet in TTP-HUS
platelet consumption
169
why low platelet in splenomegaly
sequestration
170
why low platelet in ITP
ITP
171
clue for HL(3)
spread in contiguity no leukemic component reed sternberg cells
172
clue for NHL(2)
no spread in contiguity | often have leukemic component
173
stage 1 lymphoma
single lymph node involvement
174
stage 2 lymphoma
two or more lymph nodes on same side of the diaphragm
175
stage 3 lymphoma
lymph nodes on both side of the diaphragm
176
stage 4 lymphoma
diffuse involvement of extralymphatic sites
177
stage A in lymphoma
absence of constitutionnal signs
178
stage B in lymphoma
presence of constitutionnal signs
179
2 dx clues for waldenstrom(2)
igm spike in electrophoresis | hyperviscosity
180
how massive red blood cell transfusion can cause low platelet
by dilution
181
treatment of hypercalcemia moderate symptomatic or severe caused by malignancy
zoledronic acid | pamidronate
182
hypercalcemia symptom(3)
muscle pain bone pain constipation.....
183
infection in hemochromatosis(3)
listeria vibrio vulnificus yersinia enterolytical
184
most common complication of HIT
intravascular thrombosis
185
pituitary adenoma in MEN 1(4)
prolactinoma growth hormone secreting not hormone secreting ACTH secreting
186
heinz bodies in USMLE
red blood cell inclusisons seen after cystal violet staining
187
inheritance of G6PD deficency
x linked disease
188
when to start warfarin HIT
when platelet count superior ou egal 150 000 with a non heparin anticoagulant
189
coagulation in vit k deficiency
PT>>PTT
190
pulmonary embolism in a patient with 2 previous miscarriages abnormal lab
prolonged PTT
191
low alkaline phosphatase plus leukocytosis dx
CML
192
SMALL cell lung cancer with SIADH, initial rx
fluid restriction
193
severe symptomatic or resistant hypontremia from SIADH (2)rx
hypertonic saline solution | demeclocycline is rarely used
194
in either intrisic and extrinsic pathways key factor
Xa
195
factors involved in intrinsic pathway(6)
``` 12----12 a 11-------11 a 9-------9a 8--------8a 10--------10 a 5----------5a ```
196
factors involved in intrinsic pathway(3)
7-----7a 10-----10a 5-------5a
197
action of factors 5 actives
transform prthombin 2 en thrombin 2a
198
role of thrombin
transforme fibrinogen en fibrine
199
role of factor 13 a
stabilise la fibrine
200
role of protein c et s
block factors 8 a et 5 a
201
cancer associated with down syndrome
ALL

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