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First Aid > hemato oncologie > Flashcards

hemato oncologie Flashcards

1
Q

bleeding time in hemophilia A and B

A

normal

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2
Q

bleeding time in von willebrand disease

A

prolonged

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3
Q

cause of prolonged bleeding time

A

any platelet dysfunction

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4
Q

most common hereditatary bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand disease

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5
Q

mode de transmission of von willebrand disease

A

autosomal dominant

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6
Q

cause fo thrombocytopenia PLATELETS

A 
Platelet disorders
leukemia
anemia
trauma
enlargfed spleen
liver disease
ethanol
toxins
sepsis
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7
Q

platelets disorders(3)

A

TTP
ITP
DIC

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8
Q

toxins causing thrombocytopenia(4)

A

benzene
heparin
aspirin
chemo

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9
Q

indication of petechiae

A

platelet disorder

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10
Q

significance of bleeding in cavities or joints

A

clotting factor deficiency

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11
Q

inherited cause of hypercoagulable state(6)

A 
protein V leiden
protein C and S deficiency
antithrombin 3 deficiency
homocysteinemia
fibrinolysis defect
prothrombin gene mutation
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12
Q

acquired causes of hypercoagulable state(7)

A 
cancer (trousseau syndrome)
MI
prolonged bed rest or immobilisation
pregnancy
estrogens
tissue damage in trauma or surgery
hyperlipidemia
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13
Q

acquired causes of hypercoagulable state(10)

A 
vasculitis
MM
Lupus anticoagulant
nephrotic syndrome
smoking
warfarin (on initiation rx)
Myeloproliferative disorder
PNH
HIT/thrombosis
TTP
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14
Q

the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

factor V leiden

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15
Q

quid acute leukemia

A

proliferation of blast cells

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16
Q

chronic leukemia

A

proliferation of more mature differentiated cells

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17
Q

Lymphocytic leukemias

A

neoplasms of lymphoid cells B and T cells

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18
Q

myelogenous leukemias

A

neoplasms of myeloid cells

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19
Q

quid of myeloid cells(4)

A

granulocytes
monocytes
platelets
erythrocytes

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20
Q

quid of lignees des myeloblastes(3)

A

Neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

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21
Q

lignees des eosinophiles basophiles et eosino(4)

A

promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
band

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22
Q

lignees des plaquettes(3)

A

megacaryoblast
megakaryocytes
platelets

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23
Q

lignees des monocytes(2)

A

monoblast

monocytes

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24
Q

lignees des B and T cells(2)

A

lymphoblast

donne B at T cell

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25
Q

destin des B cells

A

plasma cell

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26
Q

destin des T cells

A

active T cell

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27
Q

lignees des GR(3)

A

proerythroblast
reticulocytes
erythrocytes

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28
Q

signs of leukemia LEUKEMIA

A 
light skin
energy low
underweight
kidney failure
excess heat(fever)
mottled skin(hemorrage)
infections
anemia
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29
Q

most common leukemia up to age of 15

A

ALL

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30
Q

most common leukemia 15-59 ans

A

AML

CML

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31
Q

most common leukemia age 60 and over

A

CLL

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32
Q

association of ALL with genetic disease

A

We ALL fo DOWN together

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33
Q

quid of Auer rods

A

eosinophilic needle like cytoplasmic inclusions found in blast cells

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34
Q

disease with Auer rods

A

AML

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35
Q

peripheral smear in AML(3)

A

auer rods
dudan black +
myeloperoxydase stains+

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36
Q

flow cytometry of CLL(2)

A

CD 19

CD5

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37
Q

complication of CLL(2)

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

richter syndrome

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38
Q

richter’s syndrome quid

A

isolated lymph node transformation into agressive large cell lymphoma

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39
Q

clue association for AML type M3

A

DIC

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40
Q

clue association for AML type M5

A

gingival hyperplasia

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41
Q

role of BCR abl gene

A

encodes for chimeric protein with strong tyrosine kinase activity

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42
Q

clue tumor lysis syndrome(4)

A

high phosphate
high K+
high acid uric
Low calcium

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43
Q

disease with plasma cells proliferation(3)

A

M<GUS
MM
waldenstrom

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44
Q

Dx of MGUS

A

M protein in serum without evidence of the disease

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45
Q

dx of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

A

IGM spike

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46
Q

anemia with high retic > ou egal a 2,5(2)

A

Hemolysis

hemorrage

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47
Q

anemia with low reticulocytes < 2,5 normocytic

A

hypoproliferative marrow

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48
Q

cause of Marrow hypoproliferation(3)

A

marrow damage
iron deficiency
decreased stimulation

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49
Q

causes of marrow damage

A

infiltration and fibrosis

aplasia

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50
Q

causes of decrease stimulation of marrow(3)

A

inflammation
metabolic defect
renal disease

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51
Q

anemia with low reticulocytes < 2,5 micro or macrocytic

A

maturation disorder

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52
Q

causes of maturation disorder(2)

A

cytoplasmic defects

nuclear defects

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53
Q

causes of cytoplasmic defects(3)

A

iron deficiency
thalassemia
sideroblastic anemia

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54
Q

cause of nuclear defects(4)

A

folate deficiency
vit b12 deficiency
drug toxicity
refractory anemia

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55
Q

cause hemolysis /hemorrage in high reticulocyte anemia(7)

A 
blood loss
intravascular hemolysis
metabolic defect
membrane abnormality
hemogloninopathy
autoimmune defect
fragmentation hemolysis
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56
Q

cause of microcytic anemia(TICS)(4)

A

thalassemia
iron deficiency
chronic disease
sideroblastic anemia

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57
Q

cause of normocytic anemia

A

anemia of chropnic disease
uremia
hypothyroidism
bone marrow failure(aplastic anemia)

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58
Q

blister cell

A

G6PD deficiency

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59
Q

burr cell

A

acute renal failure

uremia

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60
Q

characteristics of iron deficiency anemia(5)FEKAP

A 
FEKAP
fatigue
exercice tolerance decreased
koilonychia
angular cheilitis
Pica Pallor
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61
Q

Pentad of TTP FAT RN

A 
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytemia
Renal dysfunction
Neurologic abnormalities
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62
Q

Why in DIC you have increased PT/PTT

A

ACTIVATION OF THE CASCADE CLOTTING

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63
Q

PTT/PT IN TTP/HUS

A

NORMAL

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64
Q

Why in TTP/HUS you have PT/PTT is normal

A

because of platelet aggregation

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65
Q

cause of HUS(3)

A

E coli 0157 h7
viral illness
gastroenteritis

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66
Q

cause of TTP(3)

A

HIV infection
pregnancy
OCP use

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67
Q

causes of DIC(5)

A 
gram negative sepsis
transfuion
crash injury
obstetric complication
adenocarcinoma
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68
Q

causes of microangiopathic anemia(3)

A

HUS
TTP
DIC

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69
Q

symptoms of DIC(2)

A

bleeding

thrombosis

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70
Q

coagulation in DIC(2)

A

high PT/PTT

high bleeding time

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71
Q

coagulation in TTP(2)

A

normal PT/PTT

high bleeding time

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72
Q

coagulation of HUS

A

normal PT/PTT

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73
Q

symptoms of HUS(3)

A

anemia
uremia
low platelet

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74
Q

symptom of TTP(3)

A

HUS plus
fever
neurologic finding

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75
Q

labs in DIC(2)

A

high d dimer(or fibrin split prducts)
low fibrinogen
low platelet

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76
Q

coombs test in HUS-TTP

A

normal

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77
Q

LDH in HUS TTP

A

high

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78
Q

pathology(peripheral smear) of HUS TTP/DIC

A

shistocytes

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79
Q

rx of HUS

A

dyalisis

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80
Q

rx of TTP(4)

A

plasmapheresis
corticosteroids
ASA
splenectomy

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81
Q

rx of DIC(2)

A

transfuse with platelets

cryoprecipitate

82
Q

precipitation of sickle cell crisis(3)

A

infection
dehydration
hypoxia

83
Q

quid of sickle cell disease

A

defect in B globin chain

84
Q

quid of thallassemia

A

decreased quantity of an alpha or beta globin chain

85
Q

quid of porphyria

A

defect in heme synthesis

86
Q

consequence of Hemoglobinuria(2)

A

ATN

renal failure

87
Q

laps de temps of occurance of hyperacute rejection

A

within minutes

88
Q

cause of hyperacute rejection

A

vascular thrombi from preformed antidonor antibodies

89
Q

rx of hyperacute rejection

A

remove the transplant organ

90
Q

laps de temps of occurance of acute rejection

A

five days to 3 months after transplant

91
Q

cause of acute rejection

A

cytotoxic T lymphocytes reacts against foreign MHC,s

92
Q

rx of acute rejection(2)

A 
steroids
antilymphocyte antibody (OKT3)
93
Q

chronic rejection occurance

A

months to years after transplant

94
Q

rx of chronic rejection

A

none

95
Q

when graft versus host disease occurs in the setting of Bone marrow transplant(2)

A

acute: first 100 days after transplantation
chronic: occurs 100 days after transplant

96
Q

firts manif acute of graft versus host disease

A

pruritic painful rash

97
Q

acute manif of graft versus host disease(3)

A

pruritic painful rash
jaundice
hepatomegaly

98
Q

physiopatho of graft versus host disease

A

donor engrafted immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the hosts and attack host proteins recognised as foreign

99
Q

cancer associated with Down syndrome

A

ALL

100
Q

cancer associated with xeroderma pigmentosum

A

SCC

Bcc skin for both

101
Q

cancer associated with pernicious anemia

atrophic gastritis and post surgical gastric remnants

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

102
Q

quid of tuberous sclerosis(3)

A

facial angiofibroma
seizures
mental retardation

103
Q

cancer associated with tuberous sclerosis(2)

A

astrocytoma

cardiac rhabdomyoma

104
Q

cancer associated with actinic keratosis

A

SCC

105
Q

cancer associated with barret

A

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

106
Q

cancer associated with plummer vinson syndrome

A

SCC of esophagus

107
Q

quid of plummer vinson(3)

A

atrophic glossitis
esophageal webs
anemia

108
Q

cause of all symptom in plummer vinson

A

iron deficiency anemia

109
Q

cancer associated with cirrhosis

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

110
Q

cancer associated with ulcerative colitis

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

111
Q

cancer associated with paget’s disease of the bone(2)

A

2o osteosarcoma

fibrosarcoma

112
Q

cancer associated with immunodeficient states

A

malignant lymphomas

113
Q

cancer associated with AIDS(2)

A

agressive malignant lymphoma (non hogkin)

sarcome de kaposi

114
Q

cancer associated with autoimmune disease(hashimoto,myasthenie gravis)

A

benign and malignant thymoma

115
Q

cancer associated with acanthosis nigricans(5)

A 
visceral malignancy
stomach
lung 
breast
uterus
116
Q

cancer associated with dysplastic nevus

A

malignant melanoma

117
Q

coagulation in Hemophilia A and B

A

PTT prolonged only theat

118
Q

coagulation in von willebrand

A

PTT PROLONGED

bleeding time prolonged

119
Q

hypercoagulability caused by SN

A

antithrombin 3 deficiency

120
Q

role of antithrombin 3(3)

A

inhibitor of proteases
block thrombin and factor 10
potentiates action of heparin

121
Q

consequence of antithrombin 3 deficiency(2)

A

thrombosis in young adults

apparent resistance to heparin

122
Q

role of thrombomodulin(2)

A

receptor for thrombin on endothelial cells

thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C

123
Q

role of protein C(4)

A

body’s natural anticoagualnt
inactivate factor V et 8
stimulates fibrinolysis
Vit K dependent

124
Q

role of protein S(2)

A

cofactor required for activation of protein C

Vit K dependent

125
Q

protein C et s deficiency(2)

A

thrombosis in young adults

risk of skin necrosis if oral anticoagulant is given before heparin

126
Q

quid of direct coombs test

A

test for antibodies on patients erythrocytes

127
Q

quid of indirect coombs test

A

test for antibodies in patients serum

128
Q

disease of direct test coombs positif(3)

A

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
erythroblastosis fetalis

129
Q

disease with indirect test de coombs positif(2)

A

isoimmunisation from previous transfusion

Rh sensitisation from previuous pregnancy

130
Q

cold agglutinins

A

antibodies against RBC,s

131
Q

cryoglobulins

A

non specific immunoglobulins which reversible precipitate in the cold

132
Q

disease with cryoglobulins(2)

A

MM

waldenstrom

133
Q

disease with cold agglutins(4)

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
mononucleosis
Measles /mumps
lymphoma

134
Q

major cause of death in polycythemia vera

A

thrombosis

135
Q

complication of polycythemia vera

A

convert to AML

136
Q

quid of burr cells

A

RBC with regular membranes spikes or bumps

137
Q

sickle cell trait

A

60% HBA

40% HBS

138
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

90 % HBS

10 % HB F

139
Q

sc disease

A

50 % HBS

50% HBC

140
Q

problem in sickle cell disease

A

point mutation on the B chain(HBS)

141
Q

thalassemia major

A

5 % hb A 2

95 % HB F

142
Q

symptom in thalassemia major(2)

A

iron overload

severe anemia

143
Q

thalassemia minor

A

90 % HBA
5 % HBA 2
5% HBf

144
Q

cold agglutinin

A

IG M

145
Q

warm agglutinin

A

IGG

146
Q

disease with warm agglutinin

A 
lymphoma
CLL
SLE
viral infections
drugs
147
Q

drugs with warm agglutinin(2)

A

penicillin

quinidine

148
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal hemolytic disease

A

RBC granulocytes and platelets are unusually sensitive to complement
coomb’s test negative
rbc lysis in hypotonic solution

149
Q

quid of sugar water test

A

RBC lysis in hypotonic solution in PNH

150
Q

paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

A

cold type IGg against red blood cell P antigen

complement mediated RBC lysis occurs after rewarming blood

151
Q

quid of Donath landsteiner antibodies

A

cold type IGg against red blood cell P antigen in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

152
Q

increased neutro

A

bacterial infections
pregnancy
corticosteroids

153
Q

decreased neutro(2)

A

bone marrow suppression

overwhelming infection

154
Q

cause of of bone marrow suppression(4)

A

cytotoxic drugs
chloram
chlorpromazine
quinine

155
Q

overwhelming infections causing decreased neutro(2)

A

disseminated TB

sepsis

156
Q

high eosino(2)

A

allergy

parasites

157
Q

low eosino(2)

A

stress

steroids

158
Q

high lymphocytes(3)

A

viral infections
ALL
CLL

159
Q

CAUSE OF LOW LYMPHO(3)

A

STRESS
MARROW SUPPRESSION
aids

160
Q

cause of low platelets(3)

A

DIC
ITP
TTP

161
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

mononucleosis

162
Q

left shift in Hg(2)

A

bacterial infection

hemorrage

163
Q

right shift in Hg (2)

A

megaloblastic anemia

iron deficiency anemia

164
Q

age pour AML

A

AT ANY AGES

165
Q

AGE FOR HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

A

ENVIRON 50 ANS

166
Q

Leukemia with poor prognostic(2)

A

CML

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIAS

167
Q

Prognosis of AML IN CHILDREN

A

good

168
Q

why low platelet in TTP-HUS

A

platelet consumption

169
Q

why low platelet in splenomegaly

A

sequestration

170
Q

why low platelet in ITP

A

ITP

171
Q

clue for HL(3)

A

spread in contiguity
no leukemic component
reed sternberg cells

172
Q

clue for NHL(2)

A

no spread in contiguity

often have leukemic component

173
Q

stage 1 lymphoma

A

single lymph node involvement

174
Q

stage 2 lymphoma

A

two or more lymph nodes on same side of the diaphragm

175
Q

stage 3 lymphoma

A

lymph nodes on both side of the diaphragm

176
Q

stage 4 lymphoma

A

diffuse involvement of extralymphatic sites

177
Q

stage A in lymphoma

A

absence of constitutionnal signs

178
Q

stage B in lymphoma

A

presence of constitutionnal signs

179
Q

2 dx clues for waldenstrom(2)

A

igm spike in electrophoresis

hyperviscosity

180
Q

how massive red blood cell transfusion can cause low platelet

A

by dilution

181
Q

treatment of hypercalcemia moderate symptomatic or severe caused by malignancy

A

zoledronic acid

pamidronate

182
Q

hypercalcemia symptom(3)

A

muscle pain
bone pain
constipation…..

183
Q

infection in hemochromatosis(3)

A

listeria
vibrio vulnificus
yersinia enterolytical

184
Q

most common complication of HIT

A

intravascular thrombosis

185
Q

pituitary adenoma in MEN 1(4)

A

prolactinoma
growth hormone secreting
not hormone secreting
ACTH secreting

186
Q

heinz bodies in USMLE

A

red blood cell inclusisons seen after cystal violet staining

187
Q

inheritance of G6PD deficency

A

x linked disease

188
Q

when to start warfarin HIT

A

when platelet count superior ou egal 150 000 with a non heparin anticoagulant

189
Q

coagulation in vit k deficiency

A

PT»PTT

190
Q

pulmonary embolism in a patient with 2 previous miscarriages abnormal lab

A

prolonged PTT

191
Q

low alkaline phosphatase plus leukocytosis dx

A

CML

192
Q

SMALL cell lung cancer with SIADH, initial rx

A

fluid restriction

193
Q

severe symptomatic or resistant hypontremia from SIADH (2)rx

A

hypertonic saline solution

demeclocycline is rarely used

194
Q

in either intrisic and extrinsic pathways key factor

A

Xa

195
Q

factors involved in intrinsic pathway(6)

A 
12----12 a
11-------11 a
9-------9a
8--------8a
10--------10 a
5----------5a
196
Q

factors involved in intrinsic pathway(3)

A

7—–7a
10—–10a
5——-5a

197
Q

action of factors 5 actives

A

transform prthombin 2 en thrombin 2a

198
Q

role of thrombin

A

transforme fibrinogen en fibrine

199
Q

role of factor 13 a

A

stabilise la fibrine

200
Q

role of protein c et s

A

block factors 8 a et 5 a

201
Q

cancer associated with down syndrome

A

ALL

First Aid (19 decks)

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