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First Aid > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

quid of normal axis(2)

A

upright QRS inleads 1 and AVF

double thumbs up

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2
Q

Ekg in COPD

A

right bundle branch block

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3
Q

CAuse of AFIB(7)

A 
Pirates
P=pulmonar disease
I=ischema
R=rheumatic heart disease
A=Anemia and atrial myxoma
T=Thyrotoxycosis
E=Ethanol
S=sepsis
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4
Q

Ekg in hyperkalemia(3)

A

Peaked T waves
wide QRS
sinusoidal wave pattern

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5
Q

Ekg in pulmonary embolus

A

sinus tachycardia

S1Q3T3

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6
Q

QQUID OF s1q3t3(3)

A

S wave in lead 1
q wave in lead 3
T inverted in lead 3

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7
Q

EKG in wolf parkinson white

A

Delta waves

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8
Q

EKG of left ventricular hypertrophy(2)

A

amplitude of R wave in AVL plus amplitude of S wave in V3 > ou egal a 24 in males
a 20 in females

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9
Q

EKG in RVHypertrophy(2)

A

R wave in v1 . 7 mm

right axis deviation

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10
Q

EKG in atrial hypertrophy in the left

A

biphasic P wave in lead V1

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11
Q

EKG in atrial hypertrophy in the right

A

P wave amplitude > 2,5 mm in lead 2

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12
Q

Left bundle branch block on EKG(2)

A

William
W pattern of QRS in v1-v2
M pattern v3-v6

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13
Q

right bundle branch block on EKG(2)

A

Marrow
M pattern of qrs in v1 v2
W pattern of qrs in v3-v6

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14
Q

3 types of cardiomyopathy(3)

A

dilated
restrictive
hypertrophic

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15
Q

PROBLEM IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

A

IMPAIRED CONTRACTILITY

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16
Q

PROBLEM IN restrictive CARDIOMYOPATHY

A

impaired elasticity

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17
Q

PROBLEM IN hypertrophic CARDIOMYOPATHY

A

impaired relaxation

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18
Q

Ef in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

increased or normal

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19
Q

Ef in restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

decreeassed mildly or normal

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20
Q

cause of dilated cardiomyopathy(6)

A 
ABCCCD
A=ALCOHOL
B=BERIBERI
C=COCKSAKIE B
C=CHAGAS
C=COCAINE
D=DOXORUBICIN
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21
Q

THE 2 MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

A

LONG STANDING hta

ISCHEMIA

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22
Q

s4 MEANING(2)

A

STIFFED VENTRICLE

atrial kick associated with hypertrophic ventricle

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23
Q

cause of reccurent CHF FAILURE

A 
forgot medication
arythmia/anemia
ischemia infarc infection
lifestyle
upregulation (increased cardiac output)
renal failure 
embolus(pulmonary
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24
Q

cause of increased cardiac output

A

pregnancy

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25
Q

lifestyle causing reccurrent CHF(2)

A

hig Na+ intake

low exercice

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26
Q

caution when using Bblockers(ABCD)

A

asthma
block (heart)
Copd
diabetes

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27
Q

STAGE A using AHA/ACC classification

A

patients at risk for CHF but no signs or symptoms or structural heart abnormalities

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28
Q

Stage B using AHA/ACC classification

A

patients with structural heart disease but no symptoms of CHF

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29
Q

rx of stage B(2)

A

ACE

B blocker

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30
Q

quid of structural hert disease(3)

A

previous MI
left ventricular systolic dysfunction
valvular disease

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31
Q

quid of stage C of AHA/ACC

A

patietn with structural heart disease with symptoms of CHF or have prior symptoms

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32
Q

rx of stage C AHA/ACC(4)

A

diuretics
Ace
digitalis
salt restriction

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33
Q

quid of stage D of AHA/ACC

A

patient with marked symptoms of CHF at rest despite maximal medical rx

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34
Q

rs of stage D AHA/ACC(4)

A

MECHANICAL ASSIST DEVICES
HEART TRANSPLANT
CONTINUOUS iv INOTROPIC DRUGS
HOSPICE CARE

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35
Q

SIDE EFFECT OF ace INHINITOR (Captopril)

A 
cough
angioedema
potassium excess
taste changes
orthostatic hypotension
pregnancy contrindication
rash
indomethacin inihibition
liver toxicity
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36
Q

most common cause of right heart failure

A

left heart failure

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37
Q

left sided CHF symptoms(4)

A

rales
S3
pleural effusions
pulmonary edema

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38
Q

right sided CHF symptoms(4)

A

JVD
hepatomegaly
hepatojugular reflux
bipedal edema

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39
Q

comorbidities associated with systolic heart failure(2)

A

diated cadiomyopathy

valvular heart disease

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40
Q

comorbidities associated with diastolic heart failure(4)

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
renal disease
HTA

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41
Q

physical exam in systolic heart failure(2)

A

displaced PMI

S3

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42
Q

physical exam in diastolic heart failure(2)

A

sustained PMI

S4

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43
Q

CXR in in systolic heart failure(2)

A

pulmonary congestion

cardiomegaly

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44
Q

CXR in in diastolic heart failure(2)

A

pulmonary congestion

normal heart size

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45
Q

EF in diastolic heart failure(

A

> 50 %

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46
Q

EF in systolic heart failure(

A

< 40%

47
Q

side effect of HMG co a(4)

A

hepatotoxicity
myositis
girl in pregnancy
coumadin /cyclosporine interactions

48
Q

target LDL 0-1 risk factor

A

< 160

49
Q

target LDL > ou egal a 2 risk factor

A

< 130

50
Q

target LDL in cad or risk equivalent

A

< 70

51
Q

risk factor to take into consideration in LDL evaluation(6)

A 
diabetes considered as CAD equivalent 
smoking
HTA
HDL< 40
age > 45 pour males
age> 55 females
early CAD in first  degree relatives < 55 ans male <65 ans in females
52
Q

problem in taking bile acid resins(cholestyramine/colestipol/colesevelam)

A

decrease absorption of other drugs

53
Q

patient with risk of silent MI(3)

A

elderly
diabetic
postorthotopic heart transplants patients

54
Q

indiction of CABG (DUST)(4)

A

depresed ventricular function
unable to perform PTCA(diffuse disease)
stenosis of left main
triple vessel disease

55
Q

goal HTA in diabetics or patient with renal failure

A

<130/80

56
Q

stage 1 HTA

A

140-159

90-99

57
Q

rx of stage 1 HTA

A

monotherapy or combination

58
Q

stage 2 HTA

A

> ou egal a 160=systole

> ou egal 100= diastole

59
Q

rx of stage 2

A

2 drugs combination

60
Q

side effect of acetazolamide

A

acidosis

61
Q

calcium in diuretics intake(2)

A

loops loose diuretics

thiazide save it

62
Q

5 classes of diuretics

A 
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loops
thiazide
K+ sparing agents
63
Q

example of osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol

64
Q

site of action of Mannitol

A

proximal tubule

65
Q

example of carbonic anhydrase inihibitor

A

acetazolamide

66
Q

site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

proximal convoluted tubule

67
Q

example of loops diuretics(4)

A

furosemide
acid ethacrinic
torsemide
bumetamide

68
Q

site of action of loops

A

loop of henle

69
Q

example of thiazide diuretics(3)

A

hctz
chortalidone
chlorothiazide

70
Q

site of action of thiazide

A

early distal tubule

71
Q

example of K+sparing agents(3)

A

spironolactone
triamterene
amiloride

72
Q

site of action K+ sparing agent

A

cortical collecting tubule

73
Q

mechanism of action of manitol(2)

A

augmentation of urine osmolarity

increase urine flow

74
Q

mechanism of action of acetazolamide(2)

A

NAHCO3 diuresis

decreased total body of NAHCO3-

75
Q

mechanism of action of loop diuretics(3)

A

decrease the na+k+2 cl- cotransporter
decrease urine concentration
increase calcium excreion

76
Q

mechanism of action of thiazides(3)

A

decraese NACL reabsorption
decrease the diluting capacity of the nephron
decreased calcium excretion

77
Q

mechanism of action of spironolactone

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

78
Q

mechanism of action of triamterene and amiloride

A

block Na+ channels

79
Q

loops diuretics side efffects(5)

A 
ototoxicity
hypokaliemia
hypocalcemia
gout
dehydration
80
Q

K+ sparing side effects(4)

A

hyperkaliemia
gynecomastia
sexual dysfunction
hirsutism

81
Q

acetazolamide side effects(4)

A

NH3 toxicity
sulfa allergy
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
neuropathy

82
Q

manitol side effects(2)

A

pulmonary edema

dehydration

83
Q

CI of mannitol(2)

A

anuria

CHF

84
Q

action of B blockers(2)

A

reduce cardiac contractility

decrease renin relaease

85
Q

quid of centrally acting adrenergic agonists(3)

A

Methyl dopa
clonidine
guanabenz

86
Q

mechanism of action of centrally acting adrenergic agonists

A

inhibit sypathetic nervous system via central alpha 2 receptor adrenergique

87
Q

side effect of centrally acting adrenergic agonist(4)

A

somnolence
orthostasis
impotence
rebound HTA

88
Q

examples of alpha 1 adrenergic blocker(3)

A

terazocin
prazocin
phenoxybenzamine

89
Q

mechanism of action of alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

A

vasodilation by blocking action of norepinephrine on vascular smooth muscle

90
Q

side effects of alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

A

orthostasis

91
Q

side effect of dihydropyridines(3)

A

headache
flushing
peripheral edema

92
Q

side effect of verapamil diltiazem

A

reduced contractility

93
Q

example of vasodilators(2)

A

hydralazine

minoxidil

94
Q

action of vasodilators

A

decrease peripheral resistance by dilating arteries and arterioles

95
Q

side effects of hydralazine(2)

A

headache

lupus like syndrome

96
Q

side effect od minoxidil(2)

A

ortstasis

facial hirsutism

97
Q

side effetc of ARB’s(3)

A

rashes
leukopenia
hyperkaliemia

98
Q

HTA and osteoporosis rx

A

thiazides

99
Q

BPH and HTA

A

@ agonists

100
Q

cause of secondary HTA CHAPS(5)

A 
cushing
hyperaldosteronism
aortic coarctation
pheo
stenosis of renal arteries
101
Q

drug to treat hypertensive emergency or urgency(5)

A 
nitroprusside
labetalol
nitroglycerin
nicardipine
hydralazine
102
Q

cause of renal arteries stenosis in young patient

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

103
Q

cause of renal arteries stenosis in elderly

A

atherosclerosis

104
Q

why ACE inhibitor is dangerous in bilateral reanl artery stenosis

A

accelerate kidney failure by preferential vasodilation of the efferent arterioles

105
Q

rx of renal arteries stenosis(2)

A

angioplasty

stenting

106
Q

riis of HTA in OCP use(3)

A

more than 35
obese
long standing use of OCP

107
Q

rx of HTA induced by OCP

A

discontinue OCP

108
Q

cause of pericarditis CARDIAC RIND

A 
collagen vascular disease
aortic dissection
radiation
drugs
infections
acute rena failure
cardiac
rheumatic fever
injury
neolasms 
dressler
109
Q

RISK FACTOR FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS SAD BET

A 
Sex male
Age
diabetes
BP high
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco
110
Q

virchows triad

A

endothelial damage
redced blood flow(stasis)
increased coagulability

111
Q

trousseau syndrome

A

hypercoagulability caused by malignancy

112
Q

First cancer involved in trousseau syndrome

A

adenocarcinoma

113
Q

cause of secondary HTA(7)

A 
renal disease
renal artery stenosis
OCP use
PHeo
conn's syndrome
Cushing
coarctation
114
Q

S3 meaning (2)

A

end of rapid ventricular
filling
associated with dilated
cardiomyopathy

First Aid (19 decks)

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