Emergency medicine Flashcards
deal with painOPQRST
OPQRST Onset Percipitating factor Quality Radiation Symptoms Temporal course/Treatment modalities
in case of abdominal pain if the patient remebers the exact time of the pain onset what to think
perforation
Management of female patient with an acute abdomen(4)
pelvic exam
pregnancy test
ectopic pregnancy
ovarian torsion
localisation of Mc burney point
2/3 of the distance from the anterior superior illiac spine to the umbilicus
Hamburger sign in appendicitis
if the patient wants to eat it’s not appendicitis
psoas sign in appendicitis
passive extensionof the hip elicits RLQ pain
obturator sign in appendicitis
passive rotation of the hip elicits RLQ pain
rovsing sign
dep palpation of the LLQ elicits RLQ pain
what to rule out in case of second and first rib /sternal fracture
aortic disruption
rule of 9 (4)
head and each arm 9%
back and chest 18%
each leg 18%
perineum 1%
Packland formula
4poids en Kg% BSA
how to give fluid in burns(2)
50 % determine par packland formula during first 8 hours
50 % sur 16 hrs
second leading cause of death in kids
burns
Management of asystole(2)
epinephrine
atropine
management of VFIB
desinchronised shock with 200,300 and 360 joules
failure with external shock in VFIB(2)
epinephrine
or
vasopressin
failure with epinephrine or vasopressin in VFIB(2)
lidocaine or
amiodarone
failure with lidocaine or amiodarone in VFIB(2)
procainamide or
magnesium
stable VTAC(2)
lidocaine
or
amiodarone
unstable and pulseless VTAC
desynchronised shock
rx of PEA(2)
epinephrine
or
atropine
AFIB /flutter unstable
shock starting at 100j
stable AFIB/flutter < 48 h(5)
control rate Calcium blocker digoxin b blocker plus rythm conversion
stable afib/flutter > 48 h(5)
control rate Calcium blocker digoxin b blocker anticoagulateor perform TEE before rythm conversion
management of supraventricular tachycardia(SVT)
rate control
Means to control rate in SVT(3)
valsalva
carotid sinus massage
cold stimulus
resistant SVT to rate control next step
adenosine
bradycardia in mobitx 2 or 3 degree AV block
transvenous pacemaker
zone 1 du cou
en dessous du cartilage cricoide
zone 2 du cou
situe entre le cartilage cricoide et une ligne joignant les deux gognons
zone 3 du cou
situe au dessus de la ligne joignant les 2 gognons
trauma in zone 1 next step
aortography
trauma in zone 2 next step
surgical exploration if platysma is penetrated
trauma in zone 3 du cou next step
aotography and triple endoscopy
previuosly patient with chest trauma dies suddenly next step
air embolism
cuases of post op fever 5 W
Wind: Atelectasis, pneumonia Water: UTI Walking: DVT Wounds: Wound infection, abscess Wonder drugs: Drug reaction
clue for carbon monoxyde poisonning(3)
cherry red skin
headaches
hypoxemia
when to suspect smoke inhalation in burns(5)
singed nose hairs facial burns hoarseness wheezing carbonaceous sputum
Induction of P-450 enzymes(4)
enzymes Barbiturates
phenytoin
carbamazepine
rifampin.
Inhibition of P-450 enzymes(3)
Cimetidine
ketoconazole
INH.
Metabolism by P-450 enzymes(11)
Benzodiazepines amide anesthetics metoprolol propranolol nifedipine phenytoin, quinidine theophylline warfarin barbiturates.
↑ risk of digoxin toxicity(4)
Quinidine
cimetidine
amiodarone
calcium channel blockers
Competition for albumin-binding sites(3)
Warfarin
ASA
phenytoin
Blood dyscrasias (4)
Ibuprofen
quinidine
methyldopa
chemotherapeutic agents.
Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6)
Sulfonamides INH ASA ibuprofen nitrofurantoin primaquine
Gynecomastia (3)
Cimetidine
ketoconazole
spironolactone
Stevens-Johnson syndrome(2)
Ethosuximide
sulfonamides.
Photosensitivity(3)
Tetracycline
amiodarone
sulfonamides.
Drug-induced SLE(4)
Procainamide
hydralazine
INH
penicillamine.
antidote of Acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
management of Acid/alkali ingestion
Upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture
Anticholinesterases, organophosphates antidote
Atropine
pralidoxime.
Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents
Physostigmine.
Arsenic, mercury, gold antidote (2)
Succimer
dimercaprol.
β-blockers antidote
β-blockers Glucagon
Barbiturates (phenobarbital) antidote (3)
Urine alkalinization
dialysis
activated charcoal.
Benzodiazepines antidote
Flumazenil
Black widow bite antidote
Calcium gluconate.
Carbon monoxide antidote(2)
100% O2
hyperbaric O2.
Copper, arsenic, lead, gold antidote
Penicillamine.
Cyanide Nitrite
sodium thiosulfate
Digitalis antidote(4)
Stop digitalis
normalize K+,
lidocaine (for torsades),
anti-digitalis Fab.
Heparin antidote
Protamine sulfate.
Iron salts antidote
Deferoxamine.
Lead antidote(3)
Succimer
CaEDTA
dimercaprol.
Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) antidote (3)
EtOH
fomepizole
dialysis.
Methemoglobin antidote
Methylene blue.
Opioids antidote
Opioids Naloxone.
Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) rx
NG suction.
Salicylates antidote(3)
Urine alkalinization
dialysis
activated charcoal
TCAs antidote(3)
Sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation
diazepam or lorazepam for seizures
cardiac monitor for arrhythmias.
Theophylline antidote
Activated charcoal.
tPA, streptokinase antidote
Aminocaproic acid.
Warfarin antidote(2)
Vitamin K
FFP.
ACEIs side effect(6)
Cough rash proteinuria angioedema taste changes teratogenic effects.
Amantadine side effect(2)
Ataxia
livedo reticularis
Aminoglycosides side effect(2)
Ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis).
Amiodarone side effect(4)
Pulmonary fibrosis
peripheral deposition → bluish discoloration, arrhythmias,
hypo-/hyperthyroidism
corneal deposition
Amphotericin side effect(4)
Fever/chills
nephrotoxicity
bone marrow suppression
anemia
Antipsychotics side effect(6)
Sedation acute dystonic reaction akathisia parkinsonism tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Azoles (e.g., fluconazole) side effect
Inhibition of P-450 enzymes.
AZT side effect(2)
Thrombocytopenia
megaloblastic anemia
β-blockers side effect (3)
Asthma exacerbation,
masking of hypoglycemia
impotence.
Benzodiazepines side effect(3)
Sedation,
dependence
respiratory depression.
Bile acid resins side effect(2)
GI upset
malabsorption of vitamins and medications.
Calcium channel blockers side effect(3)
Peripheral edema
constipation
cardiac depression.
Carbamazepine side effect(3)
agranulocytosis
Induction of P-450 enzymes
aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol side effect(2)
Gray baby syndrome
aplastic anemia.
Cisplatin side effect(2)
Nephrotoxicity
acoustic nerve damage.
Clonidine side effect (3)
Dry mouth
severe rebound headache
hypertension
Clozapine side effect
Agranulocytosis
Corticosteroids side effect(7)
Mania (acute) immunosuppression bone mineral loss thinning of skin easy bruising, myopathy (chronic) cataracts.
Cyclophosphamide side effect(2)
Myelosuppression
hemorrhagic cystitis.
Digoxin side effect(3)
disturbance
yellow visual changes
arrhythmias
arythmias in digoxin(2)
junctional tachycardia
SVT
Doxorubicin side effect
Cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy).
Ethyl alcohol side effect
Renal dysfunction
Fluoroquinolones side effect
Cartilage damage in children
Achilles tendon rupture in adults.
Furosemide side effect(3)
Ototoxicity
hypokalemia
nephritis.
Gemfibrozil side effect(2)
Myositis
reversible ↑ in LFTs.
Halothane side effect(2)
Hepatotoxicity
malignant hyperthermia.
HCTZ side effect(3)
Hypokalemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors side effect(2)
Myositis
reversible ↑ in LFTs.
Hydralazine side effect
Drug-induced SLE.
Hydroxychloroquine
Retinopathy
INH side effect(4)
Peripheral neuropathy
hepatotoxicity
inhibition of P-450 enzyme
seizures with overdose.
prevention of neuropathy in INH
B6
MAOIs side effect(2)
Hypertensive tyramine reaction serotonin syndrome (with meperidine).
Methanol side effect
Blindness.
Methotrexate side effect(3)
Hepatic fibrosis
pneumonitis
anemia.
Methyldopa side effect(2)
Coombs’ test
drug-induced SLE.
Metronidazole side effect(3)
Disulfiram reaction
vestibular dysfunction
metallic taste.
Niacin side effect
Cutaneous flushing.
Nitroglycerin side effect(4)
Hypotension
tachycardia
headache
tolerance.
Penicillin/β-lactams side effect
Hypersensitivity reactions
Penicillamine side effect
Drug-induced SLE
Phenytoin side effect(4)
Nystagmus
diplopia
ataxia,
gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism.
Prazosin first dose side effect
hypotension.
Procainamide side effect
Drug-induced SLE.
Propylthiouracil effect
Agranulocytosis.
Quinidine effect
Cinchonism
thrombocytopenia
arrhythmias
arrythmia in quinidine
torsades de pointes
cinchonism quid(2)
headache
tinnitus
Reserpine side effect
Depression.
Rifampin side effect(2)
Induction of P-450 enzymes
orange-red body secretions
Salicylates side effect (6)
Fever hyperventilation with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis dehydration, diaphoresis hemorrhagic gastritis.
SSRIs side effect(2)
Anxiety
sexual dysfunction.
Succinylcholine side effect
Malignant hyperthermia.
Tetracyclines side effect(3)
Tooth discoloration
photosensitivity
Fanconi’s syndrome
TCAs side effect(5)
Sedation coma anticholinergic effects seizures arrhythmias.
Valproic acid side effect
Teratogenicity → neural tube defects.
Vancomycin side effect(3)
Nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
“red man syndrome
quid of redman syndrome(2)
caused by histamine release
not allergy
Vinblastine side effect
Severe myelosuppression
Vincristine side effect
Peripheral neuropathy
why avoid Beta blockers in cocaine intox
unopposed @ activity causes HTA
quid of opiods withdrawal rx moderate symptoms(2)
clonidine
buprenorphine
severe symptoms for opiods withdrawal rx
methadone
indication for rx opiods iitox who are drug free 7-10 days
naltrexone
Vitamin A(2)
Night blindness
dry skin.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Beriberi
symptom in beriberi (5)
polyneuritis dilated cardiomyopathy high-output CHF edema Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)(3)
Angular stomatitis
cheilosis
corneal vascularization
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Pellagra
Pellagra(3)
diarrhea,
dermatitis
dementia.
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate)(4)
Dermatitis
enteritis
alopecia
adrenal insufficiency
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)(3)
Convulsions
hyper irritability
required during administration of INH.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)(4)
Macrocytic,
megaloblastic anemia
neurologic symptom
glossitis.
neurologic symptom in B12(3)
optic neuropathy
subacute combined degeneration
paresthesia
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
quid of scurvy(4)
swollen gums
bruising
anemia
poor wound healing
Vitamin D deficiency (3)
Rickets in children
(bending bones),
osteomalacia in adults (soft bones),
hypocalcemic tetany.
Vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E ↑ fragility of RBCs.
Vitamin K
Neonatal hemorrhage
↑ PT and aPTT
normal BT.
Biotin deficiency(2)
Dermatitis
enteritis
cause of biotin deficiency
ingestion of raw eggs
The most common vitamin deficiency in the United States.
Folic acid
disease causing folic acid deficiency
sprue
symptom in folic acid deficiency(3)
macrocytic
megaloblastic
anemia without neurologic symptoms
Magnesium deficiency(5)
Weakness muscle cramps exacerbation of hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability → tremors, choreoathetoid movement,
Selenium deficiency
keshan disease (cardiomyopathy).