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CV II Exam 3 > Heart Failure, Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathies, and Pulmonary HTN I > Flashcards

Heart Failure, Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathies, and Pulmonary HTN I Flashcards

1
Q

CHF

A

SYNDROME NOT DISEASE

same syndrome can occur with different diseases

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2
Q

abnormality of cardiac structure or function responsible for inability of heart to eject or fill with blood at rate sufficient to meet demands of metabolizing tissues

A

congestive heart failure

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3
Q

HR and heart failure

A

too slow - decreased CO

too fast - not enough time to fill

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4
Q

impaired relaxation and compliance

A

diastolic dysfunction

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5
Q

normal heart function with increased metabolic demand or increased peripheral blood flow from decreased PVR

A

high output failure

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6
Q

pulmonary edema

A

increased LA pressure

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7
Q

JVP, hepatomegaly, intestinal edema

A

increased RA pressure

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8
Q

CO = ?

A

HR x SV

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9
Q

SV = ?

A

EDV - ESV

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10
Q

EF = ?

A

SV/EDV

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11
Q

failure to eject

A

forward failure

-decreased perfusion of organs/tissues down-stream from heart

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12
Q

congestion

A

backward failure
-backing up of blood into organs upstream

increasing hydrostatic pressure, leads to congestion/edema

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13
Q

forward failure Sx in left sided failure

A

systemic circulation

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14
Q

backward failure Sx in left sided failure

A

congestion in lungs

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15
Q

backward failure Sx in right sided failure

A

systemic venous circulation

-upstream

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16
Q

acute heart failure

A

forward failure**

flash pulmonary edema

massive MI, chorda rupture, large PE

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17
Q

chronic heart failure

A

slow, exacerbations

predominantly backward failure**

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18
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

diastolic left heart failure

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19
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

systolic left heart failure

20
Q

valvular regurg

A

increased preload

systolic left heart failure

21
Q

valvular stenosis

A

increased afterload

systolic left heart failure

22
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

metabolic disorder

-high output heart failure

23
Q

anemia, AV fistula, beriberi

A

excessive blood flow high output failure

24
Q

aortic stenosis

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

25
Q

toxins

A

alcohol, cocaine, radiation

dilated cardiomyopathy

26
Q

myocarditis

A

dialted cardiomyopathy

27
Q

SLE, scleroderma, RA, polyarteritis nodosa, dermato-myositis

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

28
Q

CAD/MI

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

29
Q

HTN

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

HTN > LVH > diastolic dysfunction > ventricular dilation > systolic dysfunction

30
Q

aortic regurg

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

increased EDV/preload >increased cardiac workload > LVH > LV dilation > systolic dysfunction

31
Q

myocarditis

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

viral, bacterial, fungal, helminth

32
Q

febrile illness or URI

A

can lead to myocarditis

33
Q

doxorubicin

A

chemotherapy

can cause myocarditis

34
Q

toxic myocarditis causes

A 
chemo drugs
heavy metals
lithium
malaria drugs
radiation
35
Q

autoimmune myocarditis

A

giant cell myocarditis

PM

36
Q

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

A

prolonged exposure
-10 years

toxic effects on myocardium

37
Q

pregnancy cardiomyopathy

38
Q

takotsubo cardiomyopathy

A

dilated

  • triggered by stress
  • majority women

aka stress, broken heart syndrome, apical ballooning syndrome

39
Q

myosin heavy chain mutation

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

autosomal dominant

IV septum - often disproportionately involved

majority diastolic dysfunction

40
Q

valsalva increases what murmur

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

decreased venous return - walls closer together - louder murmur

41
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

impaired filling

-diastolic dysfunction

42
Q

amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosos, glycogen storage diseases, metabolic disorders, radiation, scleroderma, lofflers

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

43
Q

idiopathic pulmonary HTN

A

primary
females
age 30-50yo
autosomal dominant

survival - 2-3 yrs from Dx

44
Q

left to right shunt

A

pulmonary HTN

45
Q

drugs with pulmonary HTN

A

fenflumarine
-weight loss pill

amphetamines

cocaine

46
Q

most common cause of pulmonary HTN

A

cor pulmonale

pulmonary Dx
> pulmonary HTN
> increase RV afterload
> RV hypertrophy
> RV failure
47
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

from lower extremities

increased pulmonary artery pressure

increased aferload for right ventricle

right ventricular failure

CV II Exam 3 (21 decks)

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