Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists III Flashcards
long term beta blockers
leads to antihypertensive effects
mechanism unknown
betaxolol
blocks remodeling of vasculature in chronic HTN
beta blockers and CHF
should be administered slowly with log doses
post MI management
statin
ACE inhibitor
aldosterone receptor antagonist
aspirin and ADP receptor agonist
heparin
in STEMI or non-STEMI
STEMI - thrombolysis or angioplasty - also give heparin
acute and long term treatment of IHD with beta blockers
decrease mortality from MI by as much as 25% or more
beta blockers and CHF
prevent HF in >50%, strokes reduced >38%, decreased CAD and CV events, improved ventricular remodeling
carvedilol
65% reduction in mortality of CHF patients
CHF patients
diuretic, ACE, digoxin, beta blocker
class IV CHF
beta-blockers contraindicated in severe CHF
beta blocker and DM
may mask signs of hypoglycemia
side effects of beta blockers
dizzy, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, depression, sexual dysfunction, purpura, rash, fever
sudden withdrawal of beta blockers
rebound HTN, anginal attack, possibly MI if sudden withdrawal
receptor up regulation - supersensitivity
cardiogenic shock, 2 or 3 degree block, decompensated HF
NO BETA BLOCKERS
nadolol
long acting non-selective beta blocker
-once-per day
carteolol
nonselective beta blocker
-vasodilating properties
pindolol
beta blocker
-partial agonist
less rebound HTN and less bradycardia
beta1 selective blockers
more potent at beta1 than beta2
high dose - block beta2
atenolol
HTN
metoprolol
HTN and CHF
esmolol
rapid onset and short duration beta1 selective blocker
IV infusion peri-operative tachycardia and HTN
also electroconvulsive therapy
labetalol
alpha and beta blocker
with partial agonist at beta2
HTN and pheochromocytoma
carvedilol
non-selective beta and alpha blocker
antioxidant properties
alpha2 agonists
central acting
inhibit sympathetic outflow
