Heart As A Pump Part 3 Flashcards
Increasing heart rate _________ diastolic filling time
Reduces
Artificial cardiac pacemakers: At heart rates greater than ________ beats/min, stroke volume decreases so much that cardiac output actually declines with further increases in heart rate
160
What is the condition when rapid heart rate is originated by an ectopic atrial pacemaker?
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: blood pressure falls so low that the patients becomes ______ and may even faint
Lethargic
Sympathetic activation can dramatically __________ cardiac output
Increase
Do the ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increase or decrease when a dog is exercising?
Decrease
What heart sound is the following:
Associated with closure of AV valves
S1- first heart sound
What heart sound is the following:
Associated with closure of aortic valve on left side of heart and pulmonic valve on right side of heart
S2- second heart sound
What heart sound is the following:
Rush of blood into the ventricles in the early ventricular diastole
S3- third heart sound
What heart sound is the following:
Occurs at very end of diastole, atrial systole causes sudden rush of blood into ventricles
S4- fourth heart sound
What is the systolic murmur:
Large pressure difference between ventricle and atrium cause rapid backward flow of blood through partially closed valve
Atrioventricular valve insufficient or incompetent
What is the systolic murmur:
A hole or cleft in the inter-ventricular septum
Ventricular septal defect
What is the systolic murmur:
Aortic or pulmonary valve fails to open widely- common congenital defect in dogs
Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
What is the systolic murmur:
Atrioventricular valves fail to open widely, ventricular filling must occur through a stenotic (narrow) valve= turbulent flow
Mitral or tricuspid stenosis
What is the systolic murmur:
Calcification developed in mitral valve as a result of rheumatic heart disease
Mitral stenosis
