Hearing Flashcards
What do sound waves bounce off to form neural signals?
Tympanic membrane
What is the normal conversation dB?
60
What is the loudest tolerable sound for humans in dB?
120
What part of the ear funnels sound to the tympanic membrane?
Outer ear- ear pinna + canal
What part of the ear is an air-filled cavity connected to the nasopharynx by the Eustachian tube?
Middle
What is made of these 3 ossicles? Malleus, incus, stapes
Middle ear
What and how many are attached to the malleus and the stapes, which work together in order to regulate vibrations?
2 small skeletal muscles
What are the name of the 2 skeletal muscles which aid in the regulation of vibrations?
Stapedius and Tensor tympani muscles
Which motor nucleus is involved with the tensor tympani muscle?
5
Which motor nucleus is involved with the stapedius muscle?
7 (VII)
What type of nucleus is involved with the cochlear nerve?
Cochlear nuclei
What do scala- vestibule and tympani contain?
Perilymph
What does scala media contain?
Endolymph
What is the functional unit of the semicircular organ?
Organ of Corti
Where is the organ of Corti located atop of?
The basilar membrane
What is atop the organ of Corti?
Tectorial membrane
What is the 1st step of hearing:
Sounds waves are collected by outer ear and produce vibrations on the tympani membrane
What is the 2nd step of hearing:
Movements of ossicles in the middle ear
What is the 3rd step of hearing:
Vibrations on the oval window are transferred to basilar membrane causing it to move up and down
What is the 4th step of hearing:
Hair cells cilia shear along the tectorial membrane causing changes in transmitter release
Does increased frequency sound create waves closer or farther away from the oval window?
Closer to oval window
What does the movement of one cilia, which results in all of them moving in the same direction, result in?
Depolarization
What activates sensory neurons?
Glutamate
What 2 things go into the synaptic vesicle?
Calcium and potassium
Where is the auditory cortex located?
Temporal lobes
Where does the crossing over of fibers occur, where sensory fibers from the left go over to the right?
Trapezoid body
