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Anatomy II > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

orientation of heart

A

size of fist; in center of chest

angled downward to right

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2
Q

mediastinum

A

portion of thoracic cavity that contains the heart

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3
Q

pericardium

A

sac covering the heart

2 layers- fibrous and serous

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4
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outermost, protective layer
anchors heart in place
made of dense CT

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5
Q

3 layers of serous pericardium

A

parietal layer
visceral layer
pericardial cavity

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6
Q

parietal layer of serous pericardium

A

attached to mediastinum

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7
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

outer surface of heart

aka epicardium

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8
Q

pericardial cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral layers

filled with pericardial fluid

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9
Q

function of pericardial fluid

A

prevent friction

dissipate heat

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10
Q

layers of heart (outer to inner)

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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11
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer

made of CT

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12
Q

myocardium

A

muscular layer

made of cardiac muscle

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13
Q

endocardium

A

lines internal chambers of heart

made of squamous epithelial tissue

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14
Q

atria

A

2 chambers at base of heart

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15
Q

ventricles

A

2 chambers at apex of heart

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16
Q

which ventricle is thicker

A

left

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17
Q

markings of heart

A

interatrial septum
inter ventricular septum
coronary sulcus
inter ventricular groove

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18
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates left and right atria

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19
Q

inter ventricular septum

A

separates left and right ventricles

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20
Q

coronary sulcus

A

outer groove that runs between where atria and ventricles go on outside
near top of heart

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21
Q

inter ventricular groove

A

groove on outside of heart that runs between atria

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22
Q

when apex is at 6:00, on the front of heart which way is inter ventricular groove? on the back?

A

diagonal; vertical

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23
Q

auricles

A

2 flaps at top of heart

increase surface area for increased volume of blood to be held in atria

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24
Q

pectinate muscles

A

muscles on inside all of atria

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25
Q

fossa ovalis

A

seal of leftover shortcut connection between atria in interatrial septum

26
Q

trabeculae carnae

A

muscle in walls of ventricles

27
Q

papillary muscles

A

muscles that extend into ventricle (not just on wall)

connect to flaps of valves by chord tendonae

28
Q

how do chordae tendinae function?

A

contraction of papillary muscles pulls on chordae tendinae
this puts tension on the flaps of valves so they won’t turn inside out when ventricles contract and put blood back into atrium

29
Q

chamber-related blood vessels

A 
vena cava
coronary sinus
pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery
aorta
30
Q

vena cava

A

vein that empties blood from the body directly into right atrium

31
Q

superior vena cava drains blood from:

A

upper body into right atrium

32
Q

inferior vena cava drains blood from :

A

lower body into R atrium

33
Q

coronary sinus

A

brings all blood going to nourish myocardium into right atrium
on back of heart

34
Q

pulmonary veins

A

bring oxygenated blood from lungs into left atrium

35
Q

right pulmonary vein brings blood from:

A

right lung to left atrium

36
Q

left pulmonary vein brings blood from:

A

left lung to left atrium

37
Q

pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk)

A

carries blood away from right ventricle of heart to lungs

38
Q

aorta

A

carries blood away from left ventricle of heart to bring it to the body

39
Q

how does blood pass through the heart twice?

A
  1. deoxygenated blood goes to right atrium, right ventricle to lungs
  2. lungs oxygenate blood and push it to left atrium, left ventricle to the body
40
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

right side of heart to lungs

oxygenates blood

41
Q

systemic circulation

A

left side of heart to body

deoxygenates blood

42
Q

coronary arteries

A

first branch off aorta

deliver myocardium’s blood supply

43
Q

cardiac veins

A

receive all blood that went to heart muscle; empty into coronary sinus

44
Q

list the cardiac veins

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
anterior cardiac vein

45
Q

anastomes

A

connections which make alternative pathways (collateral channels)

46
Q

purpose of anastomes

A

so that if there is a blockage in a blood vessel somewhere, blood can still get to heart

47
Q

flow of blood is determined by:

A

change in pressure (pressure gradients)

48
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

prevent back blow from ventricles to atria; tricuspid and bicuspid valve

49
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right AV valve

50
Q

bicuspid valve

A

left AV valve

51
Q

when atrial pressure > ventricular pressure, _______

A
  • walls of atria begin to contract (while ventricles are relaxed)
  • blood flows from atria to ventricles
52
Q

how does cordae tendinae control blood flow?

A

cordae tendinae and papillary muscles contract to keep valve closed, so it doesn’t turn inside out

53
Q

action of cordae tendnae and papillary muscles

A

papillary muscle contracts before rest of ventricle

when it contracts, it pulls tension on cordae tendinae–> when ventricle contracts, blood cannot push backward

54
Q

semilunar valves

A

prevent back flow from arteries to ventricle

pulmonary and aortic valves

55
Q

pulmonary valve

A

right SL valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

56
Q

aortic valve

A

left SL valve

between L ventricle and aorta

57
Q

how is blood pushed through the heart? (mechanical)

A
  • atria contract and push blood into ventricles
  • as ventricles start to fill with blood, ventricular pressure increases
  • change in pressure causes atria to relax, ventricles start contracting
  • ventricular pressure > atrial pressure, so AV valves close and SL valves open
  • blood is pushed from ventricles –> arteries –> away from heart
58
Q

starting at left ventricle, go through cardiac cycle

A 
left ventricle
aortic valve
body
vena cava
right atria
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
59
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscle

A 
striated
uninucleate
sliding filament mechanism of action
intercalated discs
adj, cells linked by desmosomes and gap junctions
60
Q

how do desmosomes and gap junctions help heart?

A

heart contracts as a unit; atrias together, ventricles together

Anatomy II (17 decks)

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