circulation Flashcards

1
Q

pulse

A

wave of pressure you can feel anywhere there is an artery close to skin surface
beats/min

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2
Q

blood pressure

A

how much pressure is being pushed

sphygmomanometer used to measure

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3
Q

how does sphygmomanometer work

A

cuff goes around arm and squeezes radial artery when it inflates
when it deflates, artery opens
we here Karatkaff sounds

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4
Q

blood perfusion

A

blood flow to different tissues in out body

perfusion matches need

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5
Q

tissue perfusion

A

delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
removes wastes from tissues
exchanges gases in lungs
forms urine in kidneys

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6
Q

blood velocity is ___ related to cross sectional area of vessels

A

inversely

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7
Q

higher blood vessel area means ___ speed

A

lower

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8
Q

how is blood velocity locally regualted

A

by modifying diameter of arterioles

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9
Q

we have more ___ than any other vessels

A

capillaries

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10
Q

regulation of blood flow mechanisms

A
  • decreased levels of nutrients or O2 causes vasodilation and relaxation of precapillary sphincters
  • change in stretch of vessels causes response in smooth muscle of vessel
  • angiogenesis increases number and size of vessels
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11
Q

metabolic mechanism of auto regulation of blood flow

A

decreased levels of nutrients or O2 causes vasodilation and relaxation of precapillary sphincters (delivers more blood!)

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12
Q

myogenic mechanism of auto regulation of blood flow

A

change in stretch of vessels causes response in smooth muscle of vessel to contract

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13
Q

angiogenic mechanism of auto regulation of blood flow

A

angiogenesis increases number and size of blood vessels

angiogenesis = production of new blood vessles

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14
Q

how do respiratory gases and lipid soluble molecules pass through capillary?

A

direct diffusion

passes directly through capillary cells

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15
Q

how do water soluble solutes (small things dissolved in plasma) pass through capillary?

A

intercellular clefts and fenestrations

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16
Q

how do large molecules pass through capillaries?

A

caveoli

17
Q

caveoli

A

clathrin-coated vesicles that grab/move things in/out of cell through exo- or endo-cytosis

18
Q

how do fluids pass through capillary?

A

pinocytic vesicles

19
Q

capillary fluid dynamics

A

fluid forced out though clefts at arterial end; most returns at venous end

20
Q

capillary fluid flow regulated by:

A

hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure (gradient)

21
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force exerted by fluid pressing against wall of capillary

22
Q

capillary hydrostatic pressure ____ along length of capillary bed

A

decreases

23
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

force created by presence of large, nondiffusible molecules (proteins)

functions in opposition to hydrostatic pressure- wants to draw fluid back in

24
Q

colloid osmotic pressure ____ along length of capillary bed

A

does not vary

25
Q

net filtration pressure

A

interaction between hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
determines if there is a net gain or loss of fluid from capillaries

26
Q

portal systems

A

capillary bed that exists between venules

tissues in our body may need extra blood supply, so we put extra capillary bed in them
(serves specific regional tissue needs)

27
Q

artery –> cap –> venule –> cap –> venule –> vein

A

portal system

28
Q

circulatory shock

A

any conditions where we cannot properly circulate blood

hypovolemic, cardiogenic, or vascular

29
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

shock due to hemorrhage, losing too much blood

blood volume so low we cannot circulate it properly

30
Q

vascular shock

A

shock caused by steep drop in blood pressure (infection, sunburn, anaphylaxis)
vasodilation reduces bp and blood won’t flow correctly

31
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

pump not working correctly

after heart attack

32
Q

embryological development of blood vessels

A
  • mesoderm cells form endothelial lining of blood vessels all over embryo
  • these collect as blood islands
  • these connect to form vascular tubes
  • PDGF signals mesenchymal cells to form muscular and fibrous coats
33
Q

T/F embryological development of blood vessels starts from heart

A

false! it starts all over and connects to heart

34
Q

age related blood vessel changes

A

atherosclerosis

hypertension

35
Q

T/F estrogen prevents atherosclerosis in women

A

true

36
Q

hypertension can cause:

A
stroke
vision loss
heart failure
sexual dysfunction
heart attack
kidney failure/dx