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Health Psychology > Health Psych 1 > Flashcards

Health Psych 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 areas of focus in HP

A
  1. health promotion and maintenance
  2. prevention/treatment of ilness
  3. etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction
  4. improving healthcare system and formulating health policy
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2
Q

healthcare model that focuses on the system, fundamental assumption: health and illness are consequences of interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors

A

biopsychosocial model

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3
Q

healthcare model focus on illness,[dom for past 300 yrs] illness can be explained on basis of aberrant somatic processes/ psychological and social processes independent of disease

A

biomedical model

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4
Q

limitations include being a single factor model; mind body dualism; emphasis on illness over health; reductionism

A

biomedical model limitations

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5
Q

illness reduced to microlevel processes, such as chemical imbalances

A

reductionism

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6
Q

____ model shortcoming is that it cannot account for why all ppl with same somatic conditions develop disease/instead need to focus on interaction of multiple pathways

A

biomedical model shortcoming

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7
Q

advantages of biopsychosocial model

A
  1. microlevel processes
  2. macrolevel
  3. multiple factors
  4. mind and body canot be distinguished in matters of health and illness
  5. emphasis on both health and illness
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8
Q

clinical implications of the biopsychosocial model

A
  1. process of diagnosis/ recommendations for treatment must consider interaction of bio,psycho,and social factors
  2. relationship btwn patient and health care practitioner is important in the efectivness of care
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9
Q

summary of which model: health habits can be understood only within the patient’s psychological and social text.

A

biopsychosocial model

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10
Q

“The interdisciplinary field concerned with the
development and integration of behavioral and
biomedical science knowledge and techniques
relevant to health and illness and the application of
this knowledge and these techniques to prevention,
diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation”

A

behavioral medicine

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11
Q

The field of medicine that searches for psychological

or emotional causes for illness.

A

psychosomatic medicine

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12
Q 
“was established to facilitate 
collaboration among psychologists and 
other health science and health care 
professionals interested in the 
psychological and behavioral aspects of 
physical and mental health”
A

division 38 of the APA mission statement

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13
Q
  • Short-term medical illnesses

* Examples: tuberculosis, pneumonia

A

acute disorders

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14
Q
  • Slow-developing diseases
  • Often these cannot be cured, only managed
  • Psychological/Social factors are often causes
A

chronice disorders

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15
Q

between ages 1- ___ yrs :
– #1 cause of death is accidents (40%)
– #2 cause of death is cancer (especially
leukemia)

A

15

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16
Q

aged 15 to __, death due to
– #1 unintentional injury (car accidents)
– #2 homicide
– #3 suicide
– #4 cancer
– Heart disease and AIDs account for the bulk of the
remaining mortality

A

24

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17
Q

young adults ages 18- ___

A

30

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18
Q

middle age: 30- __

A

60

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19
Q

young old adults: 61- __

A

85

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20
Q

old old

A

85+

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21
Q

elderly typically die of degenerative diseases:

A

– Cancer
– Stroke
– Heart failure
– General physical decline

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22
Q

Research method: Two or more conditions differ from
each other in exact and
predetermined ways; Random
assignment

A

experiments

23
Q

Research method: Experiments to evaluate
treatments/interventions and
effectiveness over time

A

randomized clinical trials

24
Q

Research method:Groups are naturally-occurring;
participants are grouped using a
subject or participant variable

A

quasiexperimental

25
Q

features of what metthod?:

  • participants not randomly assigned
  • no control group
  • classifed as field research
  • cannot determine cause and effect but allows stronger conclusions than from correlational design
A

quasi experimental design

26
Q

comparing changes in variables (cannot determine causuality)

A

correlational studies

27
Q

method conducted at only one point in time

A

cross sectional designs

28
Q

looking forward/ backward

A

prospective (longitudinal) / retrospective (case control)

29
Q

statistical analysis of many research studies

A

meta analysis

30
Q

– ½ the patients receive the experimental drug that is
supposed to cure the disease or alleviate the symptoms
– ½ the patients receive a placebo
– Neither the researcher nor the patient knows whether
the patient received the drug or the placebo (both are
“blind” to the procedure)

A

double blind experiment

31
Q

– Participants don’t know to which experimental condition
they belong but the researcher does
– Often used in psychosocial intervention research

A

single blind experiment

32
Q

Medical procedure producing an effect
– Because of its therapeutic intent
– And NOT because of its specific nature, whether
chemical or physical.

A

what a placebo is

33
Q

An adverse effect from a placebo is called a

A

nocebo effect

34
Q

people who show stronger placebo effects

A

– Have a high need for approval
– Have low self esteem
– Are externally-oriented toward the environment
– Are anxious

35
Q

For a patient to show

a placebo response

A

– Patients must understand what the
treatment is supposed to do
– Patients must understand what they need to do

36
Q

situational determinants with placebo effect are

A

medications, machines, uniforms/ shape, size, color, taste, quantity

37
Q

– “a set of related assumptions that allow scientists to
use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable
hypotheses”

A

theory

38
Q

A rough theoretical framework

– Example: the various biopsychosocial models

A

model

39
Q

Role of Theories and Models

A
  1. Generate research (descriptive and hypothesis
    testing)
  2. Organize and explain the observations derived
    from research and make them intelligible
  3. Serve as a guide to action, permitting the
    prediction of behavior and suggesting
    strategies to implement to change behavior
40
Q 
Self-report survey
• Interview
• Observation
• Recording instrument
• Biological assay
A

Research Tools:

Assessment Techniques

41
Q

– The extent to which a measuring instrument yields consistent results
– Test-retest
• Compare scores on more than one occasion
– Inter-rater
• Compare ratings from two or more judges observing the same phenomenon

A

reliability

42
Q

____ validity : does it appear superficially to measure what it is supposed to?

A

face

43
Q

____ validity: does it actually measure the construct that it was designed to measure>?

A

construct

44
Q

____ validity: does it sample the range of responses represented by the concept being tested?

A

content

45
Q

___ validity: is the instrument distinct from other instruments?

A

discriminant

46
Q

___ validity: does it correlate with other measures of the same construct?

A

criterion

47
Q

___ validity: does the instrument predict a criterion? (diagnosis)

A

predictive

48
Q

the study of the
– frequency
– distribution
– causes of infectious and noninfectious disease in a
population, based on an investigation of the
physical and social environment.

A

epidemiology

49
Q

number of cases of a disease that exist at some given

point in time

A

morbidity

incidence=# of new cases at a given time
prevalence=total # of exisiting cases at given time

50
Q

number of deaths due to a particular cause

A

mortality

51
Q 
• Sleeping 7-8 hours a night
• Not smoking
• Eating breakfast each day
• Having no more than 1-2 alcoholic drinks 
each day
• Getting regular exercise
• No eating between meals
• Being no more than 10% overweight
A

alameda health study’s healthy behaviors

52
Q

engaging in more good health habits predicted :

A 
– Fewer illnesses
– Feeling better
– Less disability
– Lower mortality @9-12 years later
• This is an example of risk factor identification
53
Q

– A person’s chances of developing a disease or disorder independent of any risk that other people may have for that disease or disorder

A

aboslute risk

54
Q

– The ratio of the incidence (prevalence) of a disease in an
exposed group to the incidence (prevalence) of that
disease in an unexposed group (which is always 1.00)
– Men who smoke are 23 times as likely to die of lung cancer
and 14 times as likely to die of laryngeal cancer than are
men who do not smoke.

A

relative risk

Health Psychology (16 decks)

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