Health & Diseases (Rev2)

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

A state of physical and mental well being

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Something that causes you to be ill

Question 3

Why do we get ill?

Answer 3

• Genetic and inherited disorders
• Stress
• Communicable (infectious) diseases
• Non-communicable (non-infectious) diseases

Question 4

Genetic and inherited disorders

Answer 4

Were all inherited disorders are genetic but nit all genetic disorders are inherited

Question 5

Stress

Answer 5

Makes you tired and lazy, and also causes mental health and scientists believe it can lead to heart disease and some types of cancer.

Question 6

Communicable (infectious) diseases

Answer 6

Pass on from person to person such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa all make you become ill.
Are caused by microorganisms called pathogens, which include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa.

Question 7

Non-communicable (non-infectious) diseases

Answer 7

Something like cancer which can’t be carried from person to person and transmitted to each other.

Question 8

What can bacteria produce inside your body?

Answer 8

Toxins that make you feel ill

Question 9

What do viruses do?

Answer 9

They live and reproduce rapidly inside your cells, causing cell damage.

Question 10

How can pathogens spread?

Answer 10

By direct contact, by air, or by water.

Question 11

What good uses does bacteria have?

Answer 11

Making food, medicine and to treat sewage

Question 12

What can viruses and bacteria both do?

Answer 12

Reproduce rapidly

Question 13

Examples of viruses

Answer 13

Measles
HIV
TMV

Question 14

Examples of bacteria

Answer 14

Salmonella

Gonorrhoea

Question 15

Examples of fungal and protist diseases

Answer 15

Rose black spot (fungal)

Malaria (protist)

Question 16

Measles
The symptoms
How it spreads

Answer 16

Symptoms: fever and red skin rash
Spread: inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes and is very infectious

Question 17

HIV
The symptoms
How its spread

Answer 17

Symptoms: can be death, the leading and beginning of AIDS.
Spread: through sexual intercourse

Question 18

TMV
The symptoms
How its spread

Answer 18

Symptoms: causes a distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves at the virus destroys the cells.
Spread: contact between diseased plant material and healthy plants, and insects can act as vectors

Question 19

Salmonella
What is it
The symptoms
How its controlled

Answer 19

What: is bacteria that lives in the guts of many different animals. If it gets into the body it can cause salmonella food poisoning
Symptoms: fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
Controlled: chicken being vaccinated. Avoid washing raw chicken and wash your hands and surface well after dealing with chicken

Question 20

Gonorrhoea
What is it
The symptoms
How its controlled

Answer 20

What: is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
Symptoms: early symptoms like yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain in urination
Controlled: with antibiotics

Question 21

Rose black spot
The symptoms
How its spread
How its treated

Answer 21

Symptoms: causes purple or black spots to develop on the leaves
Spread: in the environment, carried by wind. Spread over the plant after it rains in drips of water then splash from one leaf/plant to another
Treated: by removing or burning affected leaves and stems. Chemical fungicides can also help to treat and prevent the disease from spreading

Question 22

Malaria
The symptoms
How its controlled

Answer 22

Symptoms: affect the liver and red blood cells. Causes recurrent episodes of fever and shaking when the protists burst out of the blood cells, and it can be fatal.
Controlled: by using insecticide impregnated insect nets to prevent mosquitos biting you

Question 23

What 3 things can prevent microorganisms getting into your body?

Answer 23

The respiratory system
The skin
The digestive system

Question 24

The respiratory system

Answer 24

Your nose is full of hairs and produces sticky liquid, called mucus. The hairs and mucus trap particles in the air that may contain pathogens or irritate your lungs. The trachea and bronchi also secrete mucus that traps pathogens from the air.

Question 25

The skin

Answer 25

Your skin covers your body and acts as a barrier. It prevents bacteria and viruses reaching the tissue beneath.
Your skin produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria. Healthy skin is covered with microorganisms that help keep you healthy and act as an extra barrier to the entry of pathogens.

Question 26

The digestive system

Answer 26

The stomach produces acid and it destroys the microorganisms in the mucus you swallow, as well as the majority of the pathogens you take in through your mouth in your food and drink.

Question 27

The 3 ways in which your white blood cells destroy pathogens and protect you against disease

Answer 27

Ingesting microorganisms
Producing antibodies
Producing antitoxins

Question 28

Ingesting microorganisms (phagocytes)

Answer 28

Some white blood cells ingest pathogens, digesting and destroying them cannot make you ill

Question 29

Producing antibodies (lymphocytes)

Answer 29

Some white blood cells produce special chemicals called antibodies. These target particular bacteria or viruses and destroy them.

Question 30

Producing antitoxins

Answer 30

Some white blood cells produce antitoxins. These counteract the toxins released by pathogens

Question 31

Antiseptics

Answer 31

Kill microorganisms in the environment

Question 32

Antibiotics

Answer 32

Kill bacteria in the body. (Not viruses)

Question 33

Antibodies

Answer 33

Are made by white blood cells to destroy pathogens (both bacteria and viruses.