Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Neurology > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What are the red flags for headache?

A 
new onset of headache in someone >55
known/previous malignancy 
immunosuppression
early morning headache
exacerbation by valsavla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the aeitology of migraines?

A

women>men - is hormonal led so often happens ages 16-20 then again 40-50
20% have migraine with aura
typically have 1 attack per month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the IHS criteria for migraine without aura?

A

at least 5 attacks
duration of 4-73 hours
2 of: moderate/severe, unilateral pain and throbbing - worse on movement
1 of: autonomic features, photophobia/phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind migraines?

A

both a vascular and neural problm
stress triggers changes in the brain causing SEROTONIN to be released causing blood vessels to constrict and dilate
SUBSTANCE P is released which irritates nerves and blood vessels causing pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of migraine with aura?

A

the aura is fully reversible and occurs as a visual, sensort, motor or language disturbance
lasts for 20-60 minutes and headache occurs <1hour after or can occur simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What triggers migraines?

A 
stress
alcohol 
caffeine
hormonal
sleep
physical exertion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first step of treatment for migraines?

A

lifestyle - eliminate triggers, stress management, exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the second step of treatment for migraines?

A

NSAIDs - aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When would you consider prophylaxis treatment of migraines?

A

if >3 attacks a month or very severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What medications can be used for prophylaxis of migraines?

A

Amytriptyline
Propanolol
Topiramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can you try if prohylaxis treatment doesnt work?

A

gabapentin
botulium toxin
peptide A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do basilar migraines present?

A

get vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do acephalgic migraines present?

A

experience the aura but not the headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do hemiplegic migraines present?

A

stroke like migraine - lasts for days/weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of tension type headaches?

A

bilateral pressing/tingling quality

mild - moderate pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are tension headaches treated?

A

relaxation therapy

antidepressants - dothiepin or amytriptyline

17
Q

What are trigeminal autonomic cephalgias?

A

group of primary headache disorders characterised by unilateral trigeminal division pain that occurs in associaion with prominent ipsilateral cranial features: ptosis, miosis, tearing, nausea, vomiting, nasal stuffiness, eye lid oedema

18
Q

What are the 4 main types of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias?

A

Cluster headaches
Paroxysmal hemicrania
SUNCT
Trigeminal neuralgia

19
Q

What are the characteristics of cluster headaches?

A

men>women

30-40years

20
Q

How do cluster headaches present?

A

happen around sleep and seasonal variation
severe unilateral headache - 45-90mins duration
10/10 pain
1-8 a day
cluster bouts last from a few weeks to a month

21
Q

What is the treatment for cluster headaches?

A

high flow oxygen
sumatriptan
steroids - 2 weeks
verapamil for prophylaxis

22
Q

What are the charactersitics of paroxysmal hemicrania?

A

women>men

50-60years

23
Q

How does paroxysmal hemicrania present?

A

severe, unilateral headache and autonomic features
lasts 10-30 minutes
can have 1-40 a day

24
Q

What is the treatment for paroxysmal hemicranias?

A

WILL RESPOND TO INDOMETHICIN

25
Q

What is SUNCT?

A 
short lived
unilateral
neuralgiaform headache
conjuctival infections
tearing
26
Q

How is SUNCT treated?

A

Lamotrigine

27
Q

What are the characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

women>men

>60yrs

28
Q

What triggers trigeminal neuralgia?

A

touches to the face
chewing
swallowing
wind

29
Q

What are the features of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

severe stabbing, unilateral pain
lasts 1-90 seconds
happens 10-100 times a day

30
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia investigated?

A

MRI brain

31
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia treated?

A

Carbamazepine
or gabapentin, phenytonin, baclofen
or surgical ablation and decompression

32
Q

What are the characteristics of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

female>male

obese

33
Q

What are the features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

diurnal variation
morning nausea and vomiting
visual loss
headache in the morning

34
Q

What are the investigations for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

MRI brain with MCV sequence- slit like ventricles
Lumbar puncture
Visual fields + fundoscopy

35
Q

What is the treament for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

lose weight
acetazodamide - diuretic
to save vision - atrial/lumbar peritoneal shunt

1. Neurology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions