Anatomy

Question 1

Describe multipolar neurones?

Answer 1

cell body in the CNS
for MOTOR neurones and autonomic nervous system
2 or more dendrites

Question 2

Describe unipolar neurones?

Answer 2

cell body in PNS
for SENSORY neurons
double process

Question 3

What is a dermatome?

Answer 3

area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 4

What is a myotome?

Answer 4

skeletal muscles supplied by motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 5

What makes up nerve plexus’?

Answer 5

intermingled anterior rami

Question 6

What vertebral levels is the cervical plexus?

Answer 6

C1-C4

Question 7

What vertebral levels is the lumber plexus?

Answer 7

L1-L4

Question 8

What vertebral levels is the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

C5-T1

Question 9

What vertebral levels is the sacral plexus?

Answer 9

L5-S4

Question 10

What part of the spinal cord has lateral horns?

Answer 10

T1-L2

Question 11

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 11

levator scapulae
latimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboids

Question 12

What is the role of the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 12

move the upper limbs

Question 13

What supplies the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 13

posterior rami

Question 14

What are the two intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 14

erector spinae

transversospinalis

Question 15

What is the role of the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 15

maintain posture

support + extend the spine

Question 16

What happens if the erector spinae contracts unilaterally?

Answer 16

lateral flexion occurs

Question 17

What is a primary curvature of the spine?

Answer 17

same curves as were found in the foetus

Question 18

What are the primary curvatures?

Answer 18

thoracic kyphosis and sacral kyphosis

Question 19

What are secondary curvatures of the spine?

Answer 19

curvatures that have developed

Question 20

What are the secondary curvatures?

Answer 20

lumbar lordosis and cervical lordosis

Question 21

Where are there no intervertebral discs?

Answer 21

C1 and C2

sacrum/coccyx

Question 22

What is the purpose of the annulus fibrosus?

Answer 22

outer fibrous ring - that provides a strong bond

Question 23

What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 23

inner soft pulp - flexibility and protection

Question 24

What allow flexion-extension of the neck?

Answer 24

atlanto-occipital joints

Question 25

What allows rotation of the neck?

Answer 25

atlanto-axial joints

Question 26

What surrounds the spinal cord?

Answer 26

3 layers of meninges and epidural fat

Question 27

What is general somatic sensation for?

Answer 27

receptors for touch, temperature, proprioception etc IN THE BODY WALL

Question 28

What is general somatic motor for?

Answer 28

supplying muscles for movement

Question 29

What is sympathetic motor for?

Answer 29

autonomic control of smooth muscle IN VESSELS AND HAIR FOLLICLES

Question 30

What are the vertebral levels of the posterior rami?

Answer 30

C2-C8

Question 31

What does the posterior rami supply?

Answer 31

a strip of skin centrally on the back and posterior neck

Question 32

What is the nerve point of the neck?

Answer 32

point where the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus converge

Question 33

Where is the nerve point?

Answer 33

midpoint of the posterior border of the SCM

Question 34

What nerves make up the nerve point of the neck?

Answer 34

lesser occipital greater auricular transverse cervical supraclavicular nerve

Question 35

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 35

``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium ```

Question 36

What is the pterion?

Answer 36

H shaped suture between all of the skull bones | weakest point of the skull

Question 37

What artery is directly behind th pterion?

Answer 37

middle meningeal artery

Question 38

What is the only meningial layer that has a nerve supply? What is the nerve supply?

Answer 38

dura mater - nerve supply from CN V

Question 39

What is the diaphragm sellae?

Answer 39

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

Question 40

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 40

dura mater that tents over the cerebellum - it attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones and allows the brainstem to pass through

Question 41

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 41

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres | attaches to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone anteriorly and the internal occipital protuberance posteriorly