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1. Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe multipolar neurones?

A

cell body in the CNS
for MOTOR neurones and autonomic nervous system
2 or more dendrites

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2
Q

Describe unipolar neurones?

A

cell body in PNS
for SENSORY neurons
double process

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3
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

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4
Q

What is a myotome?

A

skeletal muscles supplied by motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

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5
Q

What makes up nerve plexus’?

A

intermingled anterior rami

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6
Q

What vertebral levels is the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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7
Q

What vertebral levels is the lumber plexus?

A

L1-L4

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8
Q

What vertebral levels is the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What vertebral levels is the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

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10
Q

What part of the spinal cord has lateral horns?

A

T1-L2

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11
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

levator scapulae
latimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboids

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12
Q

What is the role of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

move the upper limbs

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13
Q

What supplies the extrinsic back muscles?

A

posterior rami

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14
Q

What are the two intrinsic back muscles?

A

erector spinae

transversospinalis

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15
Q

What is the role of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

maintain posture

support + extend the spine

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16
Q

What happens if the erector spinae contracts unilaterally?

A

lateral flexion occurs

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17
Q

What is a primary curvature of the spine?

A

same curves as were found in the foetus

18
Q

What are the primary curvatures?

A

thoracic kyphosis and sacral kyphosis

19
Q

What are secondary curvatures of the spine?

A

curvatures that have developed

20
Q

What are the secondary curvatures?

A

lumbar lordosis and cervical lordosis

21
Q

Where are there no intervertebral discs?

A

C1 and C2

sacrum/coccyx

22
Q

What is the purpose of the annulus fibrosus?

A

outer fibrous ring - that provides a strong bond

23
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?

A

inner soft pulp - flexibility and protection

24
Q

What allow flexion-extension of the neck?

A

atlanto-occipital joints

25
Q

What allows rotation of the neck?

A

atlanto-axial joints

26
Q

What surrounds the spinal cord?

A

3 layers of meninges and epidural fat

27
Q

What is general somatic sensation for?

A

receptors for touch, temperature, proprioception etc IN THE BODY WALL

28
Q

What is general somatic motor for?

A

supplying muscles for movement

29
Q

What is sympathetic motor for?

A

autonomic control of smooth muscle IN VESSELS AND HAIR FOLLICLES

30
Q

What are the vertebral levels of the posterior rami?

A

C2-C8

31
Q

What does the posterior rami supply?

A

a strip of skin centrally on the back and posterior neck

32
Q

What is the nerve point of the neck?

A

point where the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus converge

33
Q

Where is the nerve point?

A

midpoint of the posterior border of the SCM

34
Q

What nerves make up the nerve point of the neck?

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular nerve

35
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
36
Q

What is the pterion?

A

H shaped suture between all of the skull bones

weakest point of the skull

37
Q

What artery is directly behind th pterion?

A

middle meningeal artery

38
Q

What is the only meningial layer that has a nerve supply? What is the nerve supply?

A

dura mater - nerve supply from CN V

39
Q

What is the diaphragm sellae?

A

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

40
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

dura mater that tents over the cerebellum - it attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones and allows the brainstem to pass through

41
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

attaches to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone anteriorly and the internal occipital protuberance posteriorly

1. Neurology (32 decks)

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