Head: Parotid Gland

Question 1

Extension of the parotid Gland

Answer 1

from Ramus of Mandible to Mastoid process

Question 1

Parotid gland covers which muscles

Answer 1

• Masseter forewards
• Part of Sternomastoid Backwards

Question 2

Parotid gland is Enclosed in

Answer 2

Parotid Fascia: Capsule of Deep cervical fascia

Question 3

Relations of Upper end of Parotid Gland

Answer 3

• Auriculo temporal N
• Superficial Temporal Artery
• Superficial Temporal Vein

Question 4

Relations of Lower end of parotid Gland

Answer 4

• Anterior division of Retromandibular V
• Posterior Division of Retromandibular V
• Cervical Branch of Facial N between the 2 divisions

Question 5

Relations of Anterior border of Parotid gland

Answer 5

4 of the 5 terminal branches of Facial N:
* Temporal
* Zygomatic
* Buccal
* Mandiular

Parotid Duct (along with accessory parotid gland)

Transverse Facial A: Above the duct

Question 6

Relations of Lateral (superficial) Surface of Parotid gland

Answer 6

• Skin
• Fascia
• Great Auricular N
• Superficial Lymph Nodes

Question 7

Relations of Antero-medial Surface of Parotid gland

Answer 7

• Ramus of mandible
• Medial Pterygoid
• Masseter

Question 8

Relations of Postero-medial Surface of Parotid gland

Answer 8

• Styloid
• Mastoid Procces
• Sterno-mastoid
• Posterior Belly of Digastric
• Internal Carotid A
• Internal Jugular V
• 4 last Cranial Nerves
• Styloid Apperatus

Question 9

Structures Entering Parotid Gland through its Postero-medial Surface

Answer 9

• Facial Nerve
• External Carotid A

Question 10

Enumerate & Describe structures within the Parotid Gland

Answer 10

NERVES:
* Facial Nerve: It enters parotid gland from posteromedial Surface and divides into its 5 terminal branches inside the gland (T,Z,B,M,C)
* Auriculo-temporal N: Short course, along upper border of the gland

VEINS:
* Retromandibular (posterior facial) Vein: It’s formed inside the gland by union of Maxillary V & Superfical Temporal V, It then divides also inside the gland into Anterior Division & Posterior Division

ARTERIES:
* External Carotid A: It enters the gland through Posteromedial Surface and divides opposite neck of mandible into 2 terminal branches within the gland, Superficial Temporal A and Maxillary A

Lymph Nodes: Deep Parotid lymph Nodes

Question 11

Describe Sensory Nerve supply of Parotid Gland

Answer 11

Auriculotemporal N

Question 12

Describe Sympathetic Nerve supply of Parotid gland

Answer 12

From sympathetic Plexus around External Carotid A and Middle Meningeal A

Question 13

Describe Parasympathetic Nerve supply of Parotid Gland

Answer 13

Glossopharyngeal
* Pre ganglionic:
1. Inferior Salivary Nucleus
2. Fibers pass with glossopharyngeal N
3. Fibers pass into Tympanic Branch of the Glossopharyngeal N, which enters middle ear to form tympanic Plexus
4. Tympanic Plexus gives lesser superficial Petrosal N,
5. Lesser superficial Petrosal N pass through Foramen oval to relay in otic ganglion

• Postganglionic: Fibers arise from otic ganglion to join auriculotemporal N which carries the parasympathetic supply to parotid gland

Question 14

Structures pierced by parotid Duct

Answer 14

1. Buccal pad
2. Bucco-pharyngeal Fascia
3. Buccinator
4. Buccal Mucosa

Question 15

Parotid Duct opens in vestibule of the mouth opposite

Answer 15

Upper 2nd molar tooth