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Embryology > Head and Neck I B > Flashcards

Head and Neck I B Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 forms of dentition in domestic mammals?

A

Deciduous

Permanent

  • Known as Diphyodonts
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2
Q

What do brachyodont teeth have?

A

Crown, root and a narrowed neck at the fum line between crown and root

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3
Q

Explain hypsodont structure?

A

Body and a short root. The body protrudes above gum and has a long portion that is also embedded

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4
Q

Page 19

A
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5
Q

What inititates tooth development?

A

Interaction between ectoderm of dental lamina and underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme

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6
Q

What occurs along the length of dental lamina?

A

Ectodermal projections named dental buds push into mesenchyme

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7
Q

What occurs to dental buds as they push into mesenchyme?

A

Become cap-shaped. Inner and outer layers are separated by a stellate reticulum.

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8
Q

What makes up dental papilla?

A

Mesenchyme beneath cap

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9
Q

What occurs as cap grows into mesenchyme?

A

Becomes bell-shaped (referred to as enamel organ

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10
Q

Where do buds of permanent teeth intitiate from

A

Cord of cells

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11
Q

What occurs to cord connection between surface epithelium and bell-shaped developing tooth?

A

Atrophies

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12
Q

How do ameloblasts come to be?

A

Reticular cells induce epithelial cells in inner layer of enamel organ to become ameloblasts

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13
Q

What do underlying mesenchymal cells of dental papilla develop into to?

A

Tall columnar odontoblasts

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14
Q

What forms enamel knot?

A

Small group of ectodermal cells in inner epithelial layer of enamel organ (near apex of papilla) will form a clump of non-dividing cells called the enamel knot

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15
Q

What does the enamel knot specify?

A

Site of cusp formation

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16
Q

What do enamel knots act as?

A

A signalling center to regulate tooth shape

17
Q

What are key growth factors produced by enamel knots to stimulate growth of the enamel organ?

A

Fibroblast Growth Factor-4

Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 2 and 4

18
Q

What extends down the sides and base of the developing crown?

A

Ameloblasts

19
Q

What produces pedentin at tip of papilla?

A

Odontoblasts while ameloblasts extend down sides and base of developing crown

20
Q

What does core of the dental papilla become?

A

Pulp cavity of tooth

21
Q

What does dentin do to ameloblasts?

A

Dentin induces ameloblasts to produce more enamel

22
Q

What does the base of enamel organ mark out?

A

Junction of crown and root of tooth

23
Q

What forms from the extensions of inner and outer layers of enamel organ?

A

A tube-like epthelial root sheath within the mesenchyme

24
Q

When does shaping of tooth crown occur?

A

Occurs as dentin and enamel are formed - proceeding from apex to base of enamel organ

25
Q

WHat do the inner cells of the dental sac differentitate into?

A

Inner cells differentiate into cementoblasts that produce cementum

26
Q

What cementocytes?

A

Cementoblasts which become entrapped within their matrix

27
Q

What forms from outer layer of dental sac?

A

Osteoblasts

  • produce bone that will help anchor teeth to jaw
28
Q

What does the middle layer of dental sac become?

A

Periodontal ligament

29
Q

When does enamel production stop?

A

When crown is formed

  • leftover enamel organ is shed
30
Q

How long to odontoblasts remain?

A

Throughout life of tooth and produce dentin

31
Q

What is anodontia?

A

Absence of teeth - rare in domestic animals

32
Q

How does anodontia occur?

A

Failure of either dental lamina or dental papillae to develop and induce tooth development

33
Q

What is oligodontia?

Polyodontia?

A

Oligodontia - reduced tooth number

Polyodontia - excessive teeth

34
Q

What causes for delayed shedding of deciduous teeth in dogs?

A

Secondary to failure of the periodontal ligament to detach from deciduous tooth.

35
Q

What causes enamel lesions?

A

Due to malnutrition, infections

Embryology (25 decks)

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