Genital System II

Question 1

What is the key female gene?

Answer 1

Dax-1, suppresses formation of testes

Question 2

What must be present for formation of gonads in females?

Answer 2

PGC

• If PGC doesnt make it to the genital ridge, you get streak gonads

Question 3

What are oogonia?

Answer 3

Primitive germ cells in developing ovary

Question 4

What is a result of rete tubule degeneration in development of ovary?

Answer 4

There is no direct duct outlet for the gametes, like in the male

Question 5

What happens to the sex cords in ovary development?

Answer 5

Disappear completely and a defined cortical and non-germinal medually region form

Question 6

What is the future infundibulum?

Answer 6

The paramesonephric duct enlarges and has an opening that will be the future infundibulum

Question 7

Where are follicles in almost all domestic animals and primates confined to?

Answer 7

Cortex of the ovary

Question 8

What is the equine exception in follicle development?

Answer 8

Development of follicles is confined to a more central region while non-follicular region is in the periphery of the ovary

Question 9

How is the shape of the equine ovary different?

Answer 9

Portion of ovary becomes concave, is known as the OVULATION FOSSA.

Question 10

What occurs at the ovulation fossa of horses?

Answer 10

Oocytes are released

Question 11

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Dogs and Cats

Answer 11

Ovaries move only slightly

occupy area in the sub-lumbar region caudal to the kidneys

Question 12

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Mare

Answer 12

Region between kidney and pelvic inlet

Question 13

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Pigs and Cattle

Answer 13

Descent is pronounced

Position much closer to the pelvic inlet

Question 14

What is the final position of the ovaries maintained by?

Answer 14

Ligaments

• Suspensory ligament of ovary
• Proper ligament of ovary

Question 15

What does the cranial and caudal end of the paramesonephric duct become>

Answer 15

Cranial - Remains open (infundibulum) to the abdominal cavity

Caudal - Will begin to interact with urogenital sinus

Question 16

Where do the paramesonephric ducts fuse together?

Answer 16

Fuse together near their attachment with the urogenital sinus

Question 17

What are the different uterine types?

Answer 17

Duplex - 2 cervices

Bicornuate - Poorly to moderately developed uterine horn

Bicornuate - Highly developed uterine horns

Simplex - no uterine horns

Question 18

Which species have Duplex uterine?

Answer 18

Marsupials

Rabbit

Question 19

Which species have bicornuate with poorly to moderately developed uterine horns?

Answer 19

Mare

Cow

Question 20

Which species have Bicornuate - highly developed uterine horns?

Answer 20

Bitch

Queen

Sow

Question 21

Which species have simplex uterine types

Answer 21

Primate

Question 22

As development proceeds what occurs at the caudal part of the urogenital sinus?

Answer 22

Small bud evaginates and fuses with the paramesonephric ducts

Question 23

What is the future cranial vagina?

Answer 23

When paramesonephric fusion occurs, a more define cervix forms which is the future cranial vagina

Question 24

What establishes a continuous duct system from exterior to interior?

Answer 24

Fusion of urogenital sinus with paramesonephric ducts

Question 25

What does the vestibule originate from?

Answer 25

Urogenital sinus by invagination from the exterior skin

Question 26

What tissue does the cranial vagina, cervix and uterus originate from?

Answer 26

Paramesonephric ducts that are from mesoderm

Question 27

What does the caudal vagina and vestibule originate from?

Answer 27

Ectoderm that is part of urogenital sinus

Question 28

What are the accessory glands of the female?

Answer 28

Urethral and Vestibular glands

Question 29

What are the female homologues of male prostate and bulbourethral glands?

Answer 29

Urethral and vestibular glands respectively

Question 30

What gives rise to the urethral and vestibular glands?

Answer 30

Epithelial buds from primitive urethra and urogenital sinus

Question 31

Is the female and male gonad part of peritoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 31

Male and Femal gonad and duct systems orginate from behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal)

Question 32

What becomes the future broad ligament?

Answer 32

Genital fold

Question 33

What is the genital fold?

Answer 33

In the fusion process of the paramesonephric ducts, the reproductive tract is sandwiched between two layers of peritoneum called the genital fold

Question 34

What is formed by the fusion of the cloacal folds?

Answer 34

Genital tubercle

Question 35

What is the primary inducer of the development of female external genitalia?

Answer 35

Estrogen

Question 36

What drives development of male external genitalia?

Answer 36

Androgens, particularly dihydrostestosterone

Question 37

What occurs to the genital tubercle under dihydrotestosterone?

Answer 37

It elongates into the phallus

Question 38

Formation of penile urethra?

Answer 38

Urogenital folds fuse enclosing the urethral groove

Question 39

What occurs at tip of penis?

Answer 39

An ectodermal portion of tissue invaginates into the tip of the penis and will fuse with the endodermal cells lining the penile urethra

Question 40

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Primordial Germ Cells

Answer 40

Male - Spermatozoa Female - Ova

Question 41

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Gonad

Answer 41

Male - Testis Female - Ovary

Question 42

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Sex Cords

Answer 42

Male - Seminferous tubules, Sertoli cells Female - Follicular Cells

Question 43

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Mesonephric Tubules

Answer 43

Male - Efferent Ductules Female - N/A

Question 44

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Mesonephric Duct

Answer 44

Male - Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, Seminal Vesicles Female - N/A

Question 45

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Paramesonephric Duct

Answer 45

Male - N/A Female - Uterine Tube, Uterus, Cranial part of vagina

Question 46

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Definitive Urogenital Sinus

Answer 46

Male- Pelvic Urethra, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland, Penile Urethra Female - Vestibule , Associated Glands

Question 47

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Genital Tubercle

Answer 47

Shaft of Penis Clitoris

Question 48

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Urogenital Folds

Answer 48

Male - Tissue around penile urethra Female - Labia of vulva

Question 49

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure? Genital Swellings

Answer 49

Male - Scrotum Female - N/A