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Embryology > Genital System II > Flashcards

Genital System II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key female gene?

A

Dax-1, suppresses formation of testes

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2
Q

What must be present for formation of gonads in females?

A

PGC

  • If PGC doesnt make it to the genital ridge, you get streak gonads
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3
Q

What are oogonia?

A

Primitive germ cells in developing ovary

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4
Q

What is a result of rete tubule degeneration in development of ovary?

A

There is no direct duct outlet for the gametes, like in the male

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5
Q

What happens to the sex cords in ovary development?

A

Disappear completely and a defined cortical and non-germinal medually region form

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6
Q

What is the future infundibulum?

A

The paramesonephric duct enlarges and has an opening that will be the future infundibulum

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7
Q

Where are follicles in almost all domestic animals and primates confined to?

A

Cortex of the ovary

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8
Q

What is the equine exception in follicle development?

A

Development of follicles is confined to a more central region while non-follicular region is in the periphery of the ovary

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9
Q

How is the shape of the equine ovary different?

A

Portion of ovary becomes concave, is known as the OVULATION FOSSA.

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10
Q

What occurs at the ovulation fossa of horses?

A

Oocytes are released

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11
Q

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Dogs and Cats

A

Ovaries move only slightly

occupy area in the sub-lumbar region caudal to the kidneys

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12
Q

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Mare

A

Region between kidney and pelvic inlet

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13
Q

Final Position of ovaries in the following species?

Pigs and Cattle

A

Descent is pronounced

Position much closer to the pelvic inlet

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14
Q

What is the final position of the ovaries maintained by?

A

Ligaments

  • Suspensory ligament of ovary
  • Proper ligament of ovary
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15
Q

What does the cranial and caudal end of the paramesonephric duct become>

A

Cranial - Remains open (infundibulum) to the abdominal cavity

Caudal - Will begin to interact with urogenital sinus

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16
Q

Where do the paramesonephric ducts fuse together?

A

Fuse together near their attachment with the urogenital sinus

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17
Q

What are the different uterine types?

A

Duplex - 2 cervices

Bicornuate - Poorly to moderately developed uterine horn

Bicornuate - Highly developed uterine horns

Simplex - no uterine horns

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18
Q

Which species have Duplex uterine?

A

Marsupials

Rabbit

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19
Q

Which species have bicornuate with poorly to moderately developed uterine horns?

A

Mare

Cow

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20
Q

Which species have Bicornuate - highly developed uterine horns?

A

Bitch

Queen

Sow

21
Q

Which species have simplex uterine types

A

Primate

22
Q

As development proceeds what occurs at the caudal part of the urogenital sinus?

A

Small bud evaginates and fuses with the paramesonephric ducts

23
Q

What is the future cranial vagina?

A

When paramesonephric fusion occurs, a more define cervix forms which is the future cranial vagina

24
Q

What establishes a continuous duct system from exterior to interior?

A

Fusion of urogenital sinus with paramesonephric ducts

25
Q

What does the vestibule originate from?

A

Urogenital sinus by invagination from the exterior skin

26
Q

What tissue does the cranial vagina, cervix and uterus originate from?

A

Paramesonephric ducts that are from mesoderm

27
Q

What does the caudal vagina and vestibule originate from?

A

Ectoderm that is part of urogenital sinus

28
Q

What are the accessory glands of the female?

A

Urethral and Vestibular glands

29
Q

What are the female homologues of male prostate and bulbourethral glands?

A

Urethral and vestibular glands respectively

30
Q

What gives rise to the urethral and vestibular glands?

A

Epithelial buds from primitive urethra and urogenital sinus

31
Q

Is the female and male gonad part of peritoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Male and Femal gonad and duct systems orginate from behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal)

32
Q

What becomes the future broad ligament?

A

Genital fold

33
Q

What is the genital fold?

A

In the fusion process of the paramesonephric ducts, the reproductive tract is sandwiched between two layers of peritoneum called the genital fold

34
Q

What is formed by the fusion of the cloacal folds?

A

Genital tubercle

35
Q

What is the primary inducer of the development of female external genitalia?

A

Estrogen

36
Q

What drives development of male external genitalia?

A

Androgens, particularly dihydrostestosterone

37
Q

What occurs to the genital tubercle under dihydrotestosterone?

A

It elongates into the phallus

38
Q

Formation of penile urethra?

A

Urogenital folds fuse enclosing the urethral groove

39
Q

What occurs at tip of penis?

A

An ectodermal portion of tissue invaginates into the tip of the penis and will fuse with the endodermal cells lining the penile urethra

40
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Primordial Germ Cells

A

Male - Spermatozoa

Female - Ova

41
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Gonad

A

Male - Testis

Female - Ovary

42
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Sex Cords

A

Male - Seminferous tubules, Sertoli cells

Female - Follicular Cells

43
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Mesonephric Tubules

A

Male - Efferent Ductules

Female - N/A

44
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Mesonephric Duct

A

Male - Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, Seminal Vesicles

Female - N/A

45
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Paramesonephric Duct

A

Male - N/A

Female - Uterine Tube, Uterus, Cranial part of vagina

46
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Definitive Urogenital Sinus

A

Male- Pelvic Urethra, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Gland, Penile Urethra

Female - Vestibule , Associated Glands

47
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Genital Tubercle

A

Shaft of Penis

Clitoris

48
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Urogenital Folds

A

Male - Tissue around penile urethra

Female - Labia of vulva

49
Q

What is the derivative in the male and female reproductive system of the following embryonic structure?

Genital Swellings

A

Male - Scrotum

Female - N/A

Embryology (25 decks)

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