Cardiovascular Development 3

Question 1

What will most defects be related to?

Answer 1

Membranous portion of interventicular septum

Question 2

What occurs before primary septum closes?

Answer 2

We start to see little porforations and we see holes beginning to form in the primary septum

Question 3

What causes for formation of secondary ostium?

Answer 3

Before primary septum closes we start to see little porforation that form holes in primary septum which forms secondary ostium

Question 4

what does partitioning of the truncus arteriosus result in?

Answer 4

Formation of the aorta and pulmonary trunks

Question 5

What are the 2 pairs of swelling that appear along the lumen wall?

Answer 5

Right superior and left inferior truncus swellings

Right dorsal and left ventral conus swellings

Question 6

How are the 2 pairs of swellings arranged and what does this result in?

Answer 6

Swellings are at right angles to eachother, so when the pairs merg with each other they create a spiral septum

Question 7

What forms aorticopulmonary septum?

Answer 7

RIght and Left tronchal and right and left conal swellings twist and meet

Question 8

What cells are very important in formation of aorticopulmonary septum?

Answer 8

Neural crest cells

Question 9

What do neural crest cells do in formation of aorticopulmonary septum?

Answer 9

Migrate to truncus arteriosus

Signal development of truncus

Question 10

What brings about most abnormalities?

Answer 10

Changes in pressure gradients and flow patterns

Question 11

What occurs when flow goes wrong?

Answer 11

All else goes wrong

Question 12

What are 4 abnormalities that result in insufficiently oxygenated blood pumped to the body?

Answer 12

1. Narrowing of pulmonary vlave
2. Thickening of wall of right ventricles
3. Displacement of aorta over ventricular septal defect
4. Ventricular septal defect - openeing between the left and right ventricles

Question 13

What causes for thickening of right heart?

Answer 13

Has to work against pressure on left

Question 14

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 14

Transportation of great vessels

• Aorta arises from right ventricle
• Pulmonary Artery arises from left ventricle

Question 15

What are the 3 main sources of venous blood to the heart?

Answer 15

1. Cardinal veins - anterior to head and posterior to body
2. Umbilical veins - placenta
3. Viteline veins - yolk sac/gut

Question 16

What does the cranial portion of liver develop into?

Answer 16

Hepatocytes

Question 17

What does the caudal portion of liver develop into?

Answer 17

Cyst like structure - gall bladder and duct

Question 18

What does the liver develop from?

Answer 18

Buds off of foregut

Question 19

What 3 species dont have gall bladders?

Answer 19

Horse

Rat

Whale

Question 20

What becomes liver sinusoids?

Answer 20

vitaline veins

Question 21

What does the liver grow around?

Answer 21

Grows around vitaline veins and the vitaline veins become incorporated into liver

Question 22

What does anastomose mean?

Answer 22

Connect Streams

Question 23

What two veins anastomose?

Answer 23

Umbilical veins anastomose with viteline veins at liver

Question 24

What happens to proximal umbilical veins?

Answer 24

Degenerate

Question 25

What happens to right and left viteline veins?

Answer 25

Right - Starts to accept more blood from gut

Left - Degnerates

Question 26

What does the Right vitelline vein eventually become?

Answer 26

Portal Vein

Question 27

What occurs to right and left umbilical veins?

Answer 27

Left - enlarges

Right - degenerates

Question 28

Where does the ductus venosus come from?

Answer 28

Left umbilical and joins with right hepatic vein and flows into vena cava

Question 29

What is internal abnormal development of liver vasculature?

Answer 29

Failure of ductus venosus to close

Question 30

What is external abnormal development of liver vasculature?

Answer 30

Proximal umbilical vein did not degenerate

Question 31

What occurs to those with affected by portosystemic shunts?

Answer 31

Dont grow normally due to liver being skipped

• Hypoglycemic
• More susceptible to toxins
• Jaundice