Head and Neck Flashcards
All Cervical Vertebra have a:
a. body
b. spine
c. bifid spinous process
d. carotid tubercle
e. transverse foramen
e. transverse foramen
If you rotate your head as in indicating a “no” response, most of the movement occurs at this joint:
a. atlanto-occipital (skull-C1)
b. atlanto-axial (C1-C2)
c. C2-C3
d. C3-C4
e. C7-T1
b. atlanto-axial (C1-C2)
- The ATLANTOAXIAL JOINTS permits most of the range of motion associated with rotating the head SIDE TO SIDE as in saying “no”.
- The ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINTS permit most of the range of motion associated with nodding the head up and down as in saying “yes”.
The carotid body and sinus are innervated by this cranial nerve:
a. V
b. VII
c. IX
d. X
e. XI
c. IX
The cephalic vein:
a. drains venous blood mainly from the medial side of the hand
b. lacks valves
c. ends in the arm by joining the brachial vein
d. empties directly into the subclavian vein
e. pierces the clavipectoral fascia
e. pierces the clavipectoral fascia
* The CEPHALIC VEIN ends by piercing the deep fascia in the deltopectoral triangle and enters the axillary vein.
The ligament that connects adjacent vertebral laminae is the:
a. anterior longitudinal
b. posterior longitudinal
c. flavum
d. nuchae
e. tectorial
c. flavum
The normal curvature found in the young adult cervical vertebral column is:
a. present at birth
b. a scoliosis
c. a spondylothesis
d. a kyphotic type
e. a lordotic type
e. a lordotic type
The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by a branch of this cranial nerve:
a. V
b. VII
c. IX
d. X
e. XI
b. VII
The branch of the external carotid artery that passes posterosuperiorly along the inferior (lower) border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle is the:
a. superior thyroid
b. lingual
c. maxillary
d. occipital
e. posterior auricular
d. occipital
The cricoid cartilage lies at this vertebral level:
a. C2
b. C4
c. C6
d. C8
e. T2
c. C6
The internal carotid nerve:
a. arises from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
b. arises from the middle cervical sympathetic ganglia
c. arises from the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia
d. is a branch of CN IX
e. is mainly a parasympathetic nerve
a. arises from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
- Middle cervical sympathetic ganglia - Middle cardiac nerve
- Inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia - Inferior cardiac nerve
- All SYMPATHETIC FIBERS in the head are postganglionic fibers that branch off the superior cervical ganglion.
An artery that supplies the thyroid gland is sometimes found anterior to the trachea and is named the:
a. superior thyroid artery
b. inferior thyroid artery
c. thyroidea ima
d. anterior ascending cervical artery
e. superficial ascending cervical artery
c. thyroidea ima
* Page 767: Thyroidea ima artery - when present this artery ascends in front of the trachea to the isthmus of the thyroid gland from the brachiocephalic artery.
The isthmus of the thyroid gland:
a. lies directly anterior to the thyroid cartilage
b. lies directly anterior to the cricoid cartilage
c. lies directly anterior to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tracheal rings
d. is the same as the pyramidal lobe
e. contains the superior pair of parathyroid glands
c. lies directly anterior to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tracheal rings
The layer of the scalp containing the ramifying arteries, veins, and nerves is the:
a. epidermis
b. aponeurotic layer
c. loose areolar layer
d. pericranium
e. fibro-fatty connective tissue layer
e. fibro-fatty connective tissue layer
The veins that directly connect the veins of the scalp to the dural venous sinuses are:
a. emissary veins
b. cerebral veins
c. diplioc veins
d. subarachnoid veins
e. valved
a. emissary veins
* The EMISSARY VEINS are valveless and connect the superficial veins of the scalp with the diploic veins of the skull bones and with the intracranial venous sinuses.
The muscle which protrudes the tongue and its tip toward the opposite side:
a. hyoglossus
b. genioglossus
c. palatoglossus
d. styoglossus
e. geniohyoid
b. genioglossus
The sublingual caruncle (papilla):
a. receives the parotid duct
b. receives the sublingual duct
c. receives the submandibular duct
d. is formed by the sublingual gland
e. is formed by the submandibular gland
c. receives the submandibular duct
The fold of dura separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:
a. falx cerebri
b. falx cerebelli
c. tentorium cerebelli
d. diaphragma sellae
e. incisura
c. tentorium cerebelli
- FALX CEREBRI - is a large, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that lies in the midline between the two cerebral hemispheres.
- FALX CEREBELLI - the fold of dura mater that attaches to the internal occipital crest and projects forward between the two cerebellar hemispheres.
The sites where cerebrospinal fluid passes from around the brain into the venous system is/are called:
a. choroid plexuses
b. lateral apertures
c. median aperture
d. arachnoid villi
e. arachnoid cisterns
d. arachnoid villi
The dural venous sinus found on the floor of the middle cranial fossa is the:
a. sigmoid
b. superior petrosal
c. straight
d. cavernous
e. occipital
d. cavernous
The cerebral artery supplying most of the lateral surface of the cerebrum is the:
a. anterior cerebral
b. middle cerebral
c. posterior cerebral
d. anterior choroidal
e. posterior choroidal
b. middle cerebral
Which is the correct statement concerning the carotid plexus:
a. contains parasympathetic fibers destined for the eyeball
b. is a system of small arteries surrounding and supplying the walls of the internal and external carotid arteries
c. contains synapses between pre- and post-ganglionic sympathetic neuron fibers
d. receives postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
e. sends preganglionic fibers to sweat glands
d. receives postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
The prefix intra means wholly inside of. The prefix inter means in between. Which of the following named foramina is interosseous?
a. foramen magnum
b. foramen rotundum
c. foramen ovale d. jugular foramen
e. superior orbital fissure
d. jugular foramen
Which of the following nerves is not a branch of cranial nerve VII?
a. temporal
b. mental
c. buccal
d. cervical
e. zygomatic
b. mental
Which statement is correct?
a. the facial nerve (VII) being completely motor, possesses no ganglion
b. the trigeminal ganglion contains some parasympathetic cells supplying structures in the hand
c. a portion of the facial nerve has a ganglion containing cells whose fibers bring taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
d. the foramen rotundum is located in the posterior part of the frontal bone
e. none of the above are correct
c. a portion of the facial nerve has a ganglion containing cells whose fibers bring taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Which statement is incorrect?
a. parasympathetic outflow in the vagus nerve causes a decrease in the rate of heartbeat
b. the pterygopalatine ganglion contains both parasympathetic fibers of the 7th nerve, as well as sensory fibers whose cells of origin are in the Trigeminal ganglion c. the lacrimal gland receives secretomotor fibers from cranial nerve III
d. the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi mucle
c. the lacrimal gland receives secretomotor fibers from cranial nerve III
Which statement below is correct:
a. cranial nerve VII emerges from the skull through the foramen spinosum
b. the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion receives white communicating rami from the first four cervical spinal nerves
c. the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa through the floor of the foramen lacerum
d. stylopharyngeus is the one muscle innervated by cranial nerve IX
c. the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa through the floor of the foramen lacerum
Choose the correct statement:
a. the right and left transverse sinuses lie wholly on the inner surface of the temporal bone
b. blood from the superior petrosal sinuses drains directly into the jugular foramen
c. the sphenoidal sinuses lie below the sella tursica
d. the vomer articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid
e. the foramen rotundum communicates directly with the infratemporal fossa
d. the vomer articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid
Which statement is incorrect?
a. the zygomatic bone articulates with 4 other bones of the skull
b. the nasal bones form portions of the medial margin of the orbits
c. the occipital condyles are inferior to the hypoglossal canals
d. the groove for the mylohyoid nerve lies inferior to the mylohyoid line
c. the occipital condyles are inferior to the hypoglossal canals
Choose the correct statement:
a. the cribiform plate is a part of the frontal bone of the skull
b. the infraorbital foramen conveys motor nerve branches to the levator labii superioris
c. the deep cervical lymph nodes receive lymph from the neck only
d. some branches of the facial nerve occur within the facial canal
b. the infraorbital foramen conveys motor nerve branches to the levator labii superioris
Choose the best statement:
a. the clivus is a portion of the sphenoid bone
b. the frontal sinus lies deep to the floor of the sella turcica
c. cranial nerves X, XI, and XII all leave the skull through the jugular foramen
d. hiatus semilunaris is another name for the superior orbital fissure
e. the inferior petrosal sinus marks the attachment of part of the tentorium cerebelli
d. hiatus semilunaris is another name for the superior orbital fissure
Choose the best response:
a. the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone are located anterior to the palatine bone
b. the foramen rotundum passes through the root of the pterygoid process
c. the hamulus of the pterygoid process is a part of the medial plate of the pterygoid
d. the medial pterygoid muscle originates from the medial plate of the pterygoid process
e. the medial (internal) pterygoid muscle is inserted on the articular disk of the termporomandibular joint
a. the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone are located anterior to the palatine bone
The dura matter of the posterior cranial fossa is supplied by the meningeal branch of this nerve:
a. mandibular
b. ophthalmic
c. maxillary
d. DPR of C2-C3
e. facial
c. maxillary
The nerve supplying the carotid artery and sinus is a branch of cranial nerve:
a. V
b. VII
c. IX
d. X
e. XI
d. X
The mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal folds is supplied by this nerve:
a. pharyngeal
b. recurrent laryngeal
c. internal laryngeal
d. external laryngeal
e. glossopharyngeal
b. recurrent laryngeal
The sensory nerve supply to the skin overlying the angle of the mandible is by the:
a. greater occipital nerve (C2)
b. lesser occipital nerve (C2)
c. buccal branch of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
d. great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
e. mandibular ramus of the facial nerve
d. great auricular nerve (C2-C3)
The highest cervical spinous process that is easily felt is that of:
a. C1
b. C2
c. C5
d. C7
e. C8
d. C7
The parotid duct opens into the:
a. floor of the mouth at the sublingual fold
b. floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle
c. vestibule of the mouth opposite the second maxillary molar tooth
d. vestibule of mouth opposite the second mandibular premolar tooth
e. foramen cecum
c. vestibule of the mouth opposite the second maxillary molar tooth
Most of the lateral surface of the cerebrum is supplied by this large artery’s branches:
a. anterior cerebral
b. middle cerebral
c. posterior cerebral
d. vertebral
e. anterior choroidal
b. middle cerebral
Cerebrospinal fluid normally is found in the ventricles of the brain and in this space around the CNS:
a. subarachnoid
b. subdural
c. epidural
d. subpia
a. subarachnoid
The 2 important structures found in the suboccipital triangle are the vertebral artery and the:
a. lesser occipital nerve
b. greater occipital nerve
c. suboccipital nerve
d. spinal accessory nerve
e. occipital artery
c. suboccipital nerve
Choose the best statement concerning the pterygopalatine ganglion:
a. it contains some sympathetic fibers from the lesser petrosal nerve
b. all fibers entering or leaving the ganglion have synapses within the ganglion
c. some fibers of V-2 pass through the ganglion without synapsing
d. the pterygopalatine ganglion lies immediately posterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
c. some fibers of V-2 pass through the ganglion without synapsing
Choose the best statement concerning the inferior nasal conchae:
a. the inferior nasal conchae is the most inferior part of the ethmoid bone
b. the inferior conchae is part of the nasal septum
c. the inferior conchae is a separate bone, and it is attached to the medial side of the medial wall of the maxilla
d. none of the above is correct
c. the inferior conchae is a separate bone, and it is attached to the medial side of the medial wall of the maxilla
Name 2 bones which have parts that form the septum dividing the nose into right and left passages:
a. palatine and sphenoid
b. maxilla and sphenoid
c. lacrimal and nasal
d. vomer and ethmoid
d. vomer and ethmoid
The pterygoid process of what bone forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa:
a. palatine
b. maxilla
c. sphenoid
d. inferior nasal conchae
e. pterygoid
c. sphenoid
The number of unpaired bones in the cranium is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
The occipital condyles articulate with which bone:
a. axis
b. clavicles
c. vertebra prominens
d. atlas
d. atlas
The number of unpaired bones in the skeleton of the adult human face is two. They are the vomer and the:
a. zygomatic
b. maxilla
c. palatine
d. lacrimal
e. mandible
e. mandible
The palatine bones:
a. they lie immediately posterior to the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid
b. they form part of the lateral wall of the oropharynx
c. they form part of the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
d. they form part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (nose)
d. they form part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (nose)
Which statement is correct:
a. the internal acoustic meatus has 2 nerves passing through it
b. the facial artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery
c. the facial artery passes superficial to the submandibular gland
d. the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve, enters the temporal bone through the sphenopalatine foramen
a. the internal acoustic meatus has 2 nerves passing through it
Which statement is incorrect:
a. the zygomaticofacial nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. the chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve within the infratemporal region
c. the maxillary artery is one of the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery
d. the otic ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion
d. the otic ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion
The following nerves are found in the posterior triangle of the neck:
a. lesser occipital nerve
b. recurrent laryngeal nerve
c. spinal accessory nerve
d. all of the above
e. only a and c
e. only a and c
All cervical vertebrae have a(n):
a. spine
b. bifid spine
c. foramen transversium
d. body attached to its pedicles
e. intervertebral disk adjacent to their inferior surface
c. foramen transversium
The spinal nerve emerges between this part of adjacent vertebra:
a. lamina
b. pedicle
c. articular process
d. body
e. spine
b. pedicle
The articular facets of the superior articular processes of cervical vertebra face:
a. superiorly and posteriorly
b. inferiorly and anteriorly
c. posteriorly and laterally
d. posteriorly and medially
e. anteriorly and medially
a. superiorly and posteriorly
The intervertebral disks:
a. form about one-fourth the length of the vertebral column
b. are found between all cervical vertebrae
c. are important for maintaining normal curvatures of the vertebral column
d. a, b, and c
e. only a and c
e. only a and c
The ligament that is the most important for preventing posterior displacement of the odontoid process from the anterior arch of the atlas is the:
a. posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
b. alar ligament
c. cruciate ligament
d. posterior longitudinal ligament
e. anterior longitudinal ligament
c. cruciate ligament
“Secondary curves” of the vertebral column is (are) in this (these) portion(s) of the column:
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
d. a, b, and c
e. a and c
e. a and c
Flexion and extension of the head occur mainly in these joints:
a. atlanto-occipital
b. atlanto-axial
c. C2-C3 vertebral bodies
d. C2-C3 articular processes
e. C7-T1 articular processes
a. atlanto-occipital
The superficial veins of the scalp are:
a. connected to the dural venous sinuses by valveless emissary veins
b. found mainly in the subcutaneous connective tissue layer
c. named according to the nerve they accompany in the region above and behind the external ear
d. all of the above e. only a and b
e. only a and b
The auriculotemporal nerve of the scalp is a branch of the:
a. glossopharyngeal nerve
b. ophthalmic division of V
c. maxillary division of V
d. mandibular division of V
e. cervical plexus
d. mandibular division of V
This muscle receives its motor supply by 2 cranial nerves:
a. buccinator
b. trapezius
c. digastric
d. omohyoid
e. thyrohyoid
c. digastric
The muscles forming the floor of the submandibular (digastric) triangle are the hyoglossus and the:
a. sternohyoid
b. thyrohyoid
c. mylohyoid
d. stylohyoid
e. omohyoid
c. mylohyoid
The common carotid artery usually divides into the external carotid and internal carotid arteries within this cervical triangle:
a. digastric
b. occipital
c. carotid
d. muscular
e. supraclavicular
c. carotid
The infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles of the neck)
a. are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid and thyrohyoid:
b. are all innervated by the ansa cervicalis
c. include one muscle that attaches to the scapula
d. a and b only
e. a and c only
e. a and c only
The cranial nerve that is sensory to the carotid body and sinus is the:
a. trigeminal
b. facial
c. hypoglossal
d. glossopharyngeal
e. vagus
d. glossopharyngeal
This arterial branch of the external carotid artery originates at the level of the hyoid bone and forms a loop before passing deep to the hyoglossus muscle to enter the submandibular region:
a. ascending pharyngeal
b. lingual
c. facial
d. occipital
e. maxillary
b. lingual
The inferior petrosal sinus connects the cavernous sinus to the:
a. straight sinus
b. transverse sinus
c. inferior sagittal sinus
d. internal jugular vein
e. vertebral vein
d. internal jugular vein
This (these) structure(s) is (are) found in the jugular foramen:
a. internal jugular vein
b. vagus nerve
c. hypoglossal nerve
d. all of the above
e. only a and b
b. vagus nerve
The nerve that supplies all the muscles in the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle is the:
a. superior laryngeal n.
b. pharyngeal n.
c. recurrent laryngeal n.
d. external laryngeal n.
e. internal laryngeal n.
c. recurrent laryngeal n.
This (these) muscle(s) receive(s) motor fibers derived from the cervical plexus:
a. respiratory diaphragm
b. levator scapulae
c. omohyoid
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
d. all of the above
Which one of the following vessels is most likely to be cut when doing a tracheostomy (opening the trachea from the front?)
a. superior thyroid vein
b. inferior thyroid artery
c. thyroidea ima artery
d. middle thyroid vein
e. external jugular vein
c. thyroidea ima artery
The cranial nerve that supplies the sensory innervation to the dura above the level of the tentorium cerebelli is the:
a. trigeminal
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
d. vagus
e. hypoglossal
a. trigeminal
The cerebrospinal fluid is in this space:
a. epidural
b. subdural
c. subarachnoid
d. subpial
e. intrapial
c. subarachnoid
The largest structure passing through the cavernous sinus is the:
a. internal carotid artery
b. internal jugular vein
c. abducens nerve
d. trigeminal (mandibular division)
e. greater petrosal nerve
a. internal carotid artery
The supraorbital foramen of the skull provides an exit from the orbit for which of the following:
a. the oculomotor nerve
b. a branch of V-2
c. the supratrochlear branch of V-1
d. a continuation of the ophthalmic nerve fibers
d. a continuation of the ophthalmic nerve fibers
Which of the following structures leaves or enters the middle cranial fossa by way of the foramen spinosum?
a. middle meningeal artery
b. internal carotid artery
c. the motor division of V-3
d. the auriculotemporal nerve
a. middle meningeal artery
Choose the name of the opening if the skull through which a continuation or branch of the maxillary artery reaches the inside of the nasopharynx (or nose):
a. pterygopalatine fossa
b. pterygoid canal
c. nasopalatine canal
d. sphenopalatine foramen
d. sphenopalatine foramen
The greater superficial petrosal nerve contains autonomic fibers from which of the following nerves?
a. V-3
b. V-2
c. VII
d. IX
e. none of the above
c. VII
The deep petrosal nerve:
a. contains parasympathetic fibers from VII
b. carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery
c. carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve IX
d. carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
d. carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion is suspended from which of the following nerves?
a. the nerve of the pterygoid canal
b. the main trunk of V-1
c. the main trunk of V-2
d. the main trunk of V-3
c. the main trunk of V-2
The nerve which carries sensations of taste from the area of the tongue posterior to the row of vallate papillae is:
a. chorda tympani (from VII)
b. branches of vagus (X)
c. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
d. the buccal branch of V-3
b. branches of vagus (X)
Sensation (heat, cold, touch) of the gingiva of the hard palate is carried to the brain through:
a. the nerve of the pterygoid canal
b. nerves in the greater palatine canals
c. the nasociliary branch of V-1
d. the greater superficial branch of the vagus n
e. the lesser superficial petrosal nerve
b. nerves in the greater palatine canals
The mandibular nerve leaves the cranium via the:
a. superior orbital fissure
b. inferior orbital fissure
c. foramen ovale
d. foramen rotundum
e. foramen spinosum
c. foramen ovale
The sinus that direcly connects the cavernous sinus to the internal jugular vein is the:
a. occipital
b. inferior sagittal
c. inferior petrosal
d. transverse
e. sigmoid
c. inferior petrosal
The blood vessel supplying most of the medial surface of the cerebrum is the:
a. anterior cerebral artery
b. middle cerebral artery
c. posterior cerebral artery
d. middle meningeal artery
e. vertebral artery
a. anterior cerebral artery
The veins and arteries of the scalp lie mainly in the:
a. aponeurotic layer
b. periosteal later
c. loose connective tissue later (subaponeurotic)
d. subcutaneous connective tissue later
e. both a and c
d. subcutaneous connective tissue later
The ansa cervicalis is usually found in the:
a. submandibular triangle
b. muscular triangle
c. supraclavicular triangle
d. carotid triangle
e. occipital triangle
d. carotid triangle
The only cranial nerve to emerge from the dorsal side of the brain stem is the:
a. oculomotor
b. facial
c. trigeminal
d. trochlear
e. cerebral veins
d. trochlear
The veins that form a plexus in the spongy bone of the skull are:
a. venous lacunae
b. diplioc veins
c. meningeal veins
d. emissary veins
e. cerebral veins
b. diplioc veins
The bone forming the anterior part of the nasal septum is the:
a. inferior conchae
b. sphenoid
c. vomer
d. palatine
e. maxillary
c. vomer
The first lymph node group receiving lymphatic drainage from the most posterior portion of the tongue is:
a. submental
b. juguloomohyoid
c. parotid
d. buccal
e. jugulodigastric
e. jugulodigastric
Which of the following muscles is (are) attached to the spinous process of the axis?
a. splenius capitus
b. semisplenius capitis
c. rectus capitis posterior major
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
c. rectus capitis posterior major
The lesser occipital nerve is:
a. derived from posterior rami of C2-C3
b. a motor nerve to part of the scalp
c. a part of the cervical plexus
d. a mixed nerve
e. all of the above
c. a part of the cervical plexus
The suboccipital nerve:
a. is sensory to the back of the neck
b. emerges between the rectus capitis major and minor muscles
c. supplies motor innervation to the splenius capitis
d. supplies moter innervation to the muscles forming the suboccipital triangle
e. none of the above
d. supplies moter innervation to the muscles forming the suboccipital triangle
The phrenic nerve:
a. is part of the cervical plexus
b. is derived from spinal segments C3, C4, and C5
c. lies on the belly of the anterior scalene muscle
d. a and b only
e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
The superior orbital fissure:
a. lies directly inferior to the greater wing of the sphenoid
b. lies directly above the posterior portion of the maxilla
c. lies directly between the orbit and the infratemporal fossa
d. transmits the III, IV, and VI cranial nerves
e. transmits the maxillary nerve
d. transmits the III, IV, and VI cranial nerves
The optic canal transmits the:
a. optic n
b. ophthalmic artery
c. superior ophthalmic vein
d. a and b only
e. a, b, and c
d. a and b only
The nerve of the pterygoid canal:
a. receieves its contributions from a branch of the glossopharygeal nerve
b. contains only sympathetic fibers
c. enters the pterygopalatine fossac. enters the pterygopalatine fossa
d. is formed by the joining of the greater petrosal and lesser petrosal nerves
c. enters the pterygopalatine fossac. enters the pterygopalatine fossa
The posterior cranial fossa contains :
a. the cerebellum
b. medulla oblongata
c. pons
d. only a and c
e. a, b, and c
a. the cerebellum
The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the:
a. subarachnoid space
b. ventricles of the brain
c. subdural space
d. only a and b
a. subarachnoid space
The following muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis:
a. sternohyoid
b. geniohyoid
c. thyrohyoid
d. only a and b
e. a, b, and
a. sternohyoid
A branch of the external carotid artery in the neck is the
a. superficial temporal artery
b. vertebral artery
c. subclavian artery
d. occipital artery
e. thyrocervical trunk
d. occipital artery
At the C5 vertebral level, the carotid sheath encloses the:
a. common carotid artery
b. vagus nerve
c. internal jugular vein
d. a and b only
e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
The following artery usually does not arise from the external carotid:
a. superior thyroid
b. lingual
c. superficial temporal
d. middle meningeal
e. occipital
d. middle meningeal
The following cranial nerve(s) are considered to have a parasympathetic function
a. III, IV, and V
b. III, V, and VI
c. III, V, and VII
d. III, V, and IX
e. III, VII, and IX
e. III, VII, and IX
The periosteum of the skull is called
a. arachnoid
b. leptomeninx
c. pia matter
d. pericranium
e. epicranius
d. pericranium
The vertebral artery
a. does not pass through the foramen transversium of the 1st cervical vertebrae
b. is found deep in the occipital triangle
c. is a branch of the maxillary artery
d. enters the vertebral foramen at the C6 level
e. does not have any branches
b. is found deep in the occipital triangle
The cervical fascia that forms the sheath of the parotid gland is the:
a. investing
b. superficial
c. buccopharyngeal
d. pretracheal
e. prevertebral
a. investing
This portion of this muscle retracts the mandible:
a. superficial head of medial pterygoid muscle
b. posterior portion of temporalis
c. upper head of the lateral pterygoid
d. anterior portion of temporalis
e. buccinator-posterior portion
b. posterior portion of temporalis
In moving the head to indicate “no” this muscle is functioning strongly:
a. rectus capitus posterior major
b. rectus capitus posterior minor
c. obliquus capitis inferior
d. semispinalis capitis
c. obliquus capitis inferior
The lymph drainage of the upper central incisor teeth goes first to this group of nodes:
a. submental
b. submandibular
c. jugulo-digastric
d. jugulo-omohyoid
e. parotid node
b. submandibular
If the facial nerve (VII) is injured just proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani nerve, the patient would experience which of the following symptoms?
a. loss of taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
b. decreased saliva from the submandibular salivary gland
c. loss of lacrimation (tearing) from the lacrimal gland
d. both a and b
e. a, b, and c
d. both a and b
- The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion enter through the _______ nerve
a. greater petrosal
b. deep petrosal
c. lesser petrosal
d. chorda tympani
e. none of the above
c. lesser petrosal
Which of the following is/are true of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
a. originated from cranial nerves II,VI,XI
b. is also referred to as the cranio-sacral division
c. has long postganglionic fibers and short preganglionic fibers
d. both a and b
e. a, b, and c
b. is also referred to as the cranio-sacral division
Which of the following ganglia do not contain synapses?
a. submandibular ganglion
b. geniculate ganglion
c. superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
d. otic ganglion
e. pterygopalatine ganglion
b. geniculate ganglion
The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3):
a. provides general cutaneous fibers to the forehead above the orbit
b. provides motor fibers to the masseter and temporalis muscle
c. provides general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the mouth
d. provides general cutaneous sensory fibers to that portion of the neck that develops from the second pharyngeal (hyoid) arch in the embryo
e. contains only muscle motor fiber
b. provides motor fibers to the masseter and temporalis muscle
The facial nerve (VII):
a. exits from the skull via the external auditory meatus
b. contains only sensory nerve fibers
c. provides motor fibers to the platysma and buccinator muscles
d. provides parasympathetic secreto-motor fibers to the parotid gland
e. has a buccal branch that pierces the buccinator muscle and is sensory to the mucosa of the cheek
c. provides motor fibers to the platysma and buccinator muscles
The following are characteristics of the facial artery:
a. it follows a convoluted (“zigzag” or “tortuous”) course over the body of the mandible
b. it passes just anterior to the masseter muscle
c. it is a branch of the internal carotid artery
d. only a and b
e. a, b, and c
d. only a and b
The chorda tympani:
a. contains taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
b. are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion
c. are secreto-motor to the lacrimal gland
d. innervates the platysma
e. all of the above
a. contains taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
The following structure(s) usually is/are found embedded in the parotid gland
a. the common carotid artery
b. the external jugular vein
c. the retromandibular vein
d. the buccal nerve of V
e. all of the above
c. the retromandibular vein
The following structure lies just deep to the submandibular gland
a. the facial vein
b. the facial artery
c. the ansa cervicalis
d. the platysma muscle
e. the facial nerve
b. the facial artery
The following is a muscle of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve
a. lateral pterygoid muscle
b. stylohyoid muscle
c. stapedius muscle
d. orbicularis oris muscle
e. all of the above
d. orbicularis oris muscle
The carotid sheath and its contents may be safely retracted as a unit during surgical procedures of the neck. The contents of the carotid sheath include all of the following structures EXCEPT the
a. common carotid artery
b. internal carotid artery
c. internal jugular vein
d. sympathetic trunk
e. vagus nerve
d. sympathetic trunk
.Which of the following is NOT formed from the cervical plexus
a. greater occipital nerve
b. ansa cervicalis
c. supraclavicular nerves
d. transverse cervical nerve
e. greater auricular nerve
a. greater occipital nerve
The retromandibular vein is formed by the junction of the maxillary vein and the
a. facial vein
b. middle temporal vein
c. transverse facial vein
d. posterior auricular vein
e. superficial temporal vein
e. superficial temporal vein
The pterygomandibular raphe is an essentially vertical line of connective tissue indicating the plane of interconnection of the buccinator and the
a. palatoglossal muscle
b. palatopharyngeal muscle
c. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
d. middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
e. inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
c. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
The following veins and/or dural venous sinuses may drain directly into the cavernous sinus except
a. ophthalmic veins
b. superior petrosal sinus
c. superior sagital sinus
d. pterygoid plexus of veins
e. inferior petrosal sinus
c. superior sagital sinus
The following statements are true of the transverse sinuses EXCEPT
a. they drain into sigmoid sinuses
b. the right often drains primarily the superior sagittal sinus
c. the confluens of sinuses joins these with the straight sinus
d. they contain valves that help direct blood flow
e. the left often drains primarily the straight sinus (and great cerebral vein)
d. they contain valves that help direct blood flow
The cavernous dural venous sinus
a. lies in the anterior cranial fossa
b. contains part of the internal carotid artery
c. contains the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) in its wall
d. does not receive venous blood from outside the skull
e. lies in the tentorium cerebelli
b. contains part of the internal carotid artery
The following statements concerning the falx cerebri are true EXCEPT
a. it arises from the crista galli of the ethmoid bone
b. it lies between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
c. it contains the superior sagittal sinus
d. it fuses with the tentorium cerebelli in the region of the inferior sagittal dural venous sinus
e. it is a fold of dura matter
d. it fuses with the tentorium cerebelli in the region of the inferior sagittal dural venous sinus
5 pairs of muscles contribute to the structure of the soft palate. Which statement is incorrect?
a. the fan shaped tendons of the veli palatini forms the palatal aponeurosis
b. the tendons of the tensor veli palatini hook around the pterygoid hamulus on each side
c. the levator veli palatini passes between the base of the skull and the superior fibers of the superior pharyngeal constrictors
d. the palatoglossi form the anterior pillars of the tonsillar fossa
e. the palatopharyngeus muscles attach to the hyoid.
e. the palatopharyngeus muscles attach to the hyoid.
The tissues of the hard and soft palate receive innervation that is described by all of the following except
a. parasympathetic fibers arrive by way of the lesser petrosal nerve
b. sympathetic fibers arrive by way of the deep petrosal nerve
c. afferent neuron cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion
d. the greater and lesser palatine nerves descend in the palatine canal
e. the anterior portion of the hard palate is supplied by the nasopalatine nerves
a. parasympathetic fibers arrive by way of the lesser petrosal nerve
Which of the following arteries does not accompany its correspondingly named nerve throughout most of its course?
a. infraorbital
b. greater palatine
c. inferior alveolar
d. posterior superior alveolar
e. lingual
e. lingual
The calvaria
a. is formed from cartilage in the embryo
b. includes the zygomatic bones
c. is lined externally by pericranium that is fused with (cannot be easily separated from) the aponeurotic layer of the scalp
d. is lined internally by endocranium that is fused with the dural layer of cranial meninges e. transmits cranial nerves
e. transmits cranial nerves
Failure of the lateral palatine processes to fuse across the midline produces
a. an oblique facial cleft
b. an unclosed or defective nasolacrimal duct
c. a simple midline cleft (true hare lip)
d. a simple unilateral cleft lip e. a simple cleft of the secondary palate
e. a simple cleft of the secondary palate
A cleft involving the lip and dental arch (alveolar ridge) is produced by fusion failure between
a. mandibular and maxillary processes
b. medial nasal and maxillary processes
c. lateral nasal and maxillary processes
d. right and left maxillary processes
e. right and left lateral palatine processes
b. medial nasal and maxillary processes
The parotid duct opens into the _____opposite the _____tooth
a. mouth proper … 2nd lower premolar
b. vestibule of mouth … 2nd upper molar
c. mouth proper … 1st lower incisor
d. mouth proper … 3rd lower molar
e. vestibule of mouth … 3rd lower molar
b. vestibule of mouth … 2nd upper molar
The floor of the mouth includes
a. sublingual fold
b. frenulum of the tongue
c. the whole tongue
d. all the above
e. a and b
e. a and b
The nerve supplying general sensation to the floor of the mouth proper is the
a. buccal nerve
b. glossopharyngeal c. lingual nerve
d. inferior alveolar
e. vagus nerve
c. lingual nerve
The deciduous teeth lack this type of tooth
a. incisor
b. canine
c. premolar
d. molar
c. premolar
This muscle of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve
a. palatopharyngeus b. palatoglossus
c. styloglossus
d. genioglossus
e. hyoglossus
b. palatoglossus
The foraman cecum of the tongue
a. indicates the origin of the thyroid gland
b. indicates the origin of the superior parathyroids
c. is posterior to the lingual tonsil
d. is the opening for the submandibular duct
e. is the opening for the sublingual ducts
a. indicates the origin of the thyroid gland
If the right genioglossus muscle is paralyzed, the patient’s tongue will deviate to this side when the tongue is protruded
a. right
b. left
a. right
All the pharygeal muscles except the stylopharyngeus muscle receive their motor innervation by this nerve
a. facial
b. glossopharygeal c. vagus
d. trigeminal
e. hypoglossal
c. vagus
The auditory tube opens directly into the
a. nose
b. nasopharynx
c. oropharynx
d. internal ear
e. both b and d
b. nasopharynx
The tonsillar fossa
a. lies posterior to the palatopharyngeal arch
b. is also known as the piriform fossa
c. has lymph drainage from its walls that enters the jugulodigastric node
d. contains the pharyngeal tonsil because it is in the oral pharynx
e. lies just superior to the pharyngeal isthmus
c. has lymph drainage from its walls that enters the jugulodigastric node
The only muscle of the soft palate that is not supplied by the vagus nerve’s pharyngeal branch is the
a. musculus uvulae
b. palatoglossus
c. palatopharygeus d. tensor veli palatini
e. levator veli palatini
d. tensor veli palatini
The inferior meatus has this structure opening into it
a. maxillary sinus
b. sphenoid sinus
c. posterior ethmoidal sinuses
d. middle ethmoidal sinuses e. nasolacrimal duct
e. nasolacrimal duct
The muscle that abducts the membranous (ligamentous) part of the vocal folds is the
a. transverse arytenoid
b. oblique arytenoid
c. lateral cricoarytenoid
d. posterior cricoarytenoid
e. aryepiglotticus
d. posterior cricoarytenoid
The artery supplying the inferior part of the larynx is a branch of the
a. internal carotid
b. ascending pharyngeal
c. ascending cervical
d. superior thyroid e. inferior thyroid
e. inferior thyroid
The conjunctiva
a. lines the posterior aspect of the eyelids
b. covers the sclera of the anterior aspect of the eyeball
c. covers the cornea’s anterior surface when the eyelids are widely separated (eyes wide open)
d. all the above
e. a and b
d. all the above
If a person were unable to close the eyelids tightly dues to nerve damage, the damaged nerve(s) would be the
a. sympathetic fibers on the ophthalmic artery
b. superior division of the oculomotor
c. inferior division of the oculomotor d. facial
e. trigeminal
d. facial
The cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic axons supplying the lacrimal gland are in the
a. geniculate ganglion
b. pterygopalatine ganglion
c. otic ganglion
d. trigeminal ganglion
e. ciliary ganglion
b. pterygopalatine ganglion
The olfactory mucous membrane of the nose
a. is on the roof of the nasal cavity
b. is on the upper part of the nasal septum and the superior conchae
c. contains nerve cell bodies
d. all the above
e. a and b
e. a and b
General sensation from the anterior part of the nasal cavity above the vestibule is carried by branches of the
a. olfactory nerve
b. infraorbital nerve
c. anterior ethmoidal nerve
d. nasopalatine nerve
e. zygomatic nerve
c. anterior ethmoidal nerve
This artery has branches that supply most of the blood to the anterior part of the nasal cavity
a. sphenopalatine
b. facial artery
c. anterior ethmoidal artery
d. descending palatine artery
e. infraorbital
c. anterior ethmoidal artery
The maxillary sinus mucous membrane is supplied by this/these nerves
a. anterior and middle superior alveolar
b. posterior superior alveolar
c. infraorbital
d. all the above
e. only a and c
d. all the above
The vestibular ligament of the larynx is the lower margin of the
a. median thyrohyoid ligament
b. lateral thyrohyoid ligament
c. cricothyroid ligament
d. conus elasticus e. quadrangular membrane
e. quadrangular membrane
All the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid are supplied by the ______ nerve
a. superior laryngeal
b. recurrent laryngeal
c. external laryngeal
d. internal laryngeal
e. pharyngeal plexus
b. recurrent laryngeal
The third branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) leaves the middle cranial fossa by way of :
a. foramen rotundum
b. foramen spinosum
c. foramen ovale
d. jugular foramen
e. none of the above
c. foramen ovale
The otic ganglion contains synapses of preganglionic fibers with post ganglionic fibers of:
a. the chorda tympani nerve
b. nerve to the mylohyoid muscle
c. tensor tympani nerve
d. glossopharyngeal nerve
e. none of the above
d. glossopharyngeal nerve
Taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue travel through a branch of the:
a. seventh cranial nerve
b. glossopharyngeal nerve
c. V-2
d. cranial nerve 11
e. mental nerve
a. seventh cranial nerve
The order in which the three branches of the facial nerve come off within the petrous portion of the temporal bone is as follows:
a. lesser petrosal, greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius muscle
b. greater petrosal, chorda tympani, nerve to the stapedius muscle
c. greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius muscle, chorda tympani
d. nerve to the stapedius, chorda tympani, greater petrosal
e. tympanic nerve (of Jacobsen), greater petrosal, chorda tympan
c. greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius muscle, chorda tympani
Which of the following pairs of muscles rotate the eye medially on its anterior-posterior axis (intort):
a. superior rectus and inferior rectus
b. superior oblique and inferior oblique
c. medial rectus and lateral rectus
d. inferior rectus and inferior oblique
e. superior rectus and superior oblique
e. superior rectus and superior oblique
The cranial nerve that innervates the mucosa of the tympanic cavity is the :
a. trigeminal
b. facial
c. glossopharyngeal
d. vagus
e. auditory
c. glossopharyngeal
The pyramid of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)
a. encloses the stapedius muscle
b. indicates where the chorda tympani nerve
c. enters the tympanic cavity
d. is formed by the basal turn of the cochlea
e. is on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity
contains mastoid air cells
a. encloses the stapedius muscle
The foot plate or base of the stapes attaches to the ______ by way of the annular ligament:
a. head of the malleus
b. margin of the fenestra cochlea
c. margin of the fenestra vestibuli
d. margin of the aditus
e. processus cochleariformis
c. margin of the fenestra vestibuli
The following structure is part of the bony labyrinth of the internal ear:
a. semicircular duct
b. cochlear duct
c. utricle
d. saccule
e. vestibule
e. vestibule
The glands of the mucous membranes of the nose and palate receive their parasympathetic postganglionic innervation from the:
a. pterygopalatine ganglion
b. otic ganglion
c. geniculate ganglion
d. trigeminal ganglion
e. submandibular ganglion
a. pterygopalatine ganglion
The vertebral column:
a. has 8 cervical vertebrae
b. has 5 lumbar vertebrae
c. has 4 curvatures at birth
d. is described as scoliosis when lumbar curvature is exaggerated
e. has an intervertebral disc between the articular processes
c. has 4 curvatures at birth
- The muscle(s) that produce(s) intorsion of the cornea is (are) the
a. superior rectus and superior oblique
b. superior rectus and inferior rectus
c. superior oblique and inferior oblique
d. superior rectus and inferior oblique
e. only the inferior oblique
a. superior rectus and superior oblique
- The smooth muscle of the upper eyelid is important in maintaining an open eye. Which of the following might be damaged if the patient can not keep his upper lid elevated due to paralysis of the smooth muscle that attaches to the superior tarsal plate?
a. short ciliary nerves or the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle
b. oculomotor nerve- specifically, the portion from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
c. facial nerve
d. trigeminal ganglion
e. superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
e. superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
A large mass in the posterior portion of the tongue which is not a tumor might be the
a. thyroid gland
b. submandibular gland
c. sublingual gland
d. parotid gland
e. parathyroid gland
b. submandibular gland
The depressions on each side of the median glossoepiglottic fold are the
a. periform sinuses
b. pharyngeal recesses
c. ventricles
d. valleculae
e. saccules
d. valleculae
The thyrohyoid membrane is pierced by this artery
a. inferior thyroid
b. superior thyroid
c. inferior laryngeal
d. superior laryngeal
e. internal laryngeal
d. superior laryngeal
The upper free edge of this membrane forms the vocal ligament
a. quadrangular
b. thyrohyoid
c. cricothyroid
d. hyoepiglottic
e. aryepiglottic
c. cricothyroid
The muscle that is most important for narrowing the anterior part of the rima glottidis is the
a. thyroarytenoid
b. cricothyroid
c. oblique arytenoid
d. transverse arytenoid
e. lateral cricoarytenoid
e. lateral cricoarytenoid
All the muscles of the larynx are innervated by the branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve except for this muscle
a. cricothyroid
b. thyroarytenoid
c. vocalis
d. posterior cricoarytenoid
e. transverse arytenoid
a. cricothyroid
When a physician asks a patient to say “ah”, the movement of the soft palate indicates that this cranial nerve is functioning
a. trigeminal
b. facial
c. glossopharygeal
d. vagus
e. hypoglossus
d. vagus
The lymphatic drainage of the larynx first goes to this group of nodes
a. submandibular
b. submental
c. superficial cervical
d. deep cervical
e. retropharyngeal
d. deep cervical
- The following structures on the left side of the root of the neck usually pass between the subclavian artery and the subclavian vein (or brachiocephalic vein)
a. anterior scalene
b. phrenic nerve
c. vagus nerve
d. all of the above
e. both a and b but not c
d. all of the above
- On the right side of the root of the neck the costocervical trunk usually arises from the
a. first part of the subclavian artery
b. second part of the subclavian artery
c. third part of the subclavian artery
d. brachiocephalic artery
e. arch of the aorta
b. second part of the subclavian artery
- On the left side of the root of the neck the thoracic duct turns laterally to pass between these two structures
a. phrenic nerve and the prevertebral fascia
b. anterior and middle scalene muscles
c. anterior primary rami of C8 and T1
d. vagus nerve and common carotid artery
e. common carotid artery and vertebral artery
e. common carotid artery and vertebral artery
- The following lymph node(s) would be classified as belonging to the terminal group of nodes (deep cervical nodes)
a. jugulo-digastric
b. jugulo-omohyoid
c. retropharyngeal
d. all of the above
e. a and b, but not c
e. a and b, but not c
- The muscle of the orbit that attaches to the eyeball and does not arise from the common tendinous ring is the
a. inferior rectus
b. superior rectus
c. superior oblique
d. medial rectus
e. lateral rectus
c. superior oblique
- If the cornea is in an abducted position and the person then moves the cornea upwards (elevates), the muscle that would be the most effective for elevating the eyeball is the
a. superior rectus
b. superior oblique
c. inferior rectus
d. inferior oblique
e. levator palpebrae superioris
a. superior rectus
- If all extraocular muscles were paralyzed except for the inferior oblique muscle, the cornea would be in this position
a. adducted and elevated
b. abducted and elevated
c. adducted and depressed
d. abducted and depressed
b. abducted and elevated
- When removing the thyroid gland the most easily damaged structure that the surgeon needs to avoid ligating or cutting is the
a. recurrent laryngeal artery
b. inferior thyroid artery
c. superior thyroid artery
d. vertebral artery
e. thoracic duct
c. superior thyroid artery
- The parasympathetic ganglion that sends postganglionic fibers to the lacrimal gland is the
a. lacrimal
b. ciliary
c. pterygopalatine
d. otic
e. trigeminal
d. otic
- The following nerves enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure
a. nasociliary, frontal and lacrimal branches of the trigeminal nerve
b. abducens, oculomotor, and optic
c. zygomatic and maxillary
d. all the above
e. both a and b, not c
a. nasociliary, frontal and lacrimal branches of the trigeminal nerve
- The skin on the medial part of the external nose is supplied mainly by the external nasal nerve which is a branch of the
a. infratrochlear nerve
b. infraorbital nerve
c. supratrochlear nerve
d. zygomaticofacial nerve
e. anterior ethmoidal nerve
e. anterior ethmoidal nerve
- Lymph drainage from the lateral parts of the eyelids goes first to this group of lymph nodes
a. parotid
b. buccal
c. submandibular
d. occipital
e. none of the above because there are no lymph vessels in the eyelids
a. parotid
- The structure that lies just below the floor of the tympanic cavity is the
a. internal jugular vein
b. internal carotid artery
c. facial nerve
d. chorda tympani nerve
e. tensor tympani muscle
a. internal jugular vein
- The oval window opens into this portion of the internal ear
a. scala vestibuli
b. scala tympani
c. cochlear duct
d. utricle
e. saccule
a. scala vestibuli
- The auditory tube
a. is cartilaginous throughout its length
b. opens on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
c. opens into the mastoid antrum
d. lies in a canal that opens into the middle ear just above the opening for the tensor tympani muscle
e. connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx
e. connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx
- The superior alveolar nerves
a. arise from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
b. provide sensory innervation to the upper teeth
c. provide sensory innervation to the maxillary sinuses
d. a and b
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
- The sphenoid sinuses
a. are in the bone directly beneath the pituitary gland
b. drain into the middle nasal meatus
c. drain the pterygopalatine fossa via the splenopalatine foramen
d. are not connected directly to the nasal cavity
e. a and b above
a. are in the bone directly beneath the pituitary gland
- The following sinuses drain into these spaces respectively
a. frontal sinus- superior meatus
b. posterior ethmoidal air spaces- sphenoethmoidal recess
c. maxillary sinus- middle meatus
d. anterior ethmoidal air spaces- inferior meatus
e. a and c above
c. maxillary sinus- middle meatus
- The following statement(s) is/are true of the vessels of the nasal and palatine mucosa
a. they exhibit extensive anastomosis
b. the sphenopalatine artery runs on the nasal septum and anastomoses with the greater palatine artery in the incisive foramen
c. the greater and lesser palatine arteries are terminal branches of the maxillary artery
d. the sphenopalatine artery passes through the inferior orbital fissure to reach the nasal septum
e. all the above
a. they exhibit extensive anastomosis
- The pterygopalatine ganglion
a. is a parasympathetic ganglion
b. provides postganglionic fibers that distribute with branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
c. receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from IX
d. a and b
e. all the above
d. a and b
- The true statement concerning nerve supply to the nasal cavity is
a. general sensory nerve fibers have their cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion
b. postganglionic parasympatthetic nerve fibers have their cell bodies in the pterygopalatine ganglion
c. postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers have their cell bodies in the otic ganglion
d. general sensation from the anterior superior part of the nasal cavity is by nasal branches of the maxillary nerve
e. general sensation from the posterior inferior part of the nasal cavity is by ethmoidal nerves
b. postganglionic parasympatthetic nerve fibers have their cell bodies in the pterygopalatine ganglion
- If epistaxis (serious nose bleeds) could not be controlled by packing the nasal cavity with gauze, and if the source of the bleeding appeared to be in the posterior part of the nasal cavity, then ligating this artery would stop the bleeding
a. septal branch of superior labial artery
b. nasal branch of infraorbital artery
c. superior nasal branch of ophthalmic artery
d. sphenopalatine artery
e. anterior ethmoidal artery
d. sphenopalatine artery
- Destruction of nerve cell bodies found in the pterygopalatine fossa would result in which of the following?
a. constricted pupils
b. dilated pupils
c. dry eye
d. loss of taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
e. dry mouth
c. dry eye
- Which statement concerning the nasal cavity is true?
a. when the middle conchae is raised, a rounded elevation called the torus tubarius is visible
b. the sphenopalatine foramen permits the neurovascular structures to pass between the pterygopalatine fossa and the nasal cavity
c. the sphenoethmoidal recess is located inferior to the the superior conchae
d. the frontal recess is located inferior to the inferior meatus
e. the nasolacrimal duct opens into the middle meatus
b. the sphenopalatine foramen permits the neurovascular structures to pass between the pterygopalatine fossa and the nasal cavity
- Which statement concerning the paranasal sinuses is true?
a. the frontal sinuses open into the superior meatus
b. the paranasal sinuses closest to the hypohyseal fossa are the posterior ethmoidal cells
c. the middle ethmoid air cells drain into the hiatus semilunaris
d. the maxillary sinus drains into the inferior meatus
e. general sensation is carried in fibers of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerve
e. general sensation is carried in fibers of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerve
- Retraction of the tongue is produced mainly be contraction of these two muscles
a. right and left genioglossus
b. styloglossus and hyoglossus
c. palatoglossus and genioglossus
d. palatoglossus and stylopharyngeus
e. palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
b. styloglossus and hyoglossus
- The vocal ligament is the thickened upper margin of the lateral portion of the
a. quadrangular membrane
b. hyoepiglottic ligament
c. thyroepiglottic
d. thyrohyoid ligament
e. cricothyroid ligament
e. cricothyroid ligament
- The muscle(s) of the orbit that move(s) the eyeball so that the cornea is in a depressed position that is neither adducted nor abducted is (are)
a. inferior rectus
b. inferior oblique
c. superior oblique
d. inferior rectus and inferior oblique
e. inferior rectus and superior oblique
e. inferior rectus and superior oblique
- The motor nerve that enters the orbit above and lateral to the common tendinous ring (annulus) is the
a. superior division of the oculomotor
b. inferior division of the oculomotor
c. trochlear
d. abducens
e. frontal
c. trochlear
- If a patient is asked to elevate his cornea when the eye is in an adducted position, he would use this muscle to perform the requested movement
a. superior rectus
b. inferior rectus
c. levator palpebrae superioris
d. inferior oblique
e. superior oblique
d. inferior oblique
- If a person has a drooping right eyelid and the superior division of the oculomotor nerve is normal, the person could have a lesion in the
a. superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
b. optic nerve
c. abducent nerve
d. trochlear nerve
e. long and short ciliary nerves
a. superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
- The patient’s left cornea is in and abducted and depressed position and the right cornea appears to be in the normal position. What nerve is injured on the left side?
a. oculomotor
b. trochlear
c. abducens
d. nasociliary
e. frontal
a. oculomotor
- The nerve of the mouth that lies just medial to the roots of the third mandibular molar teeth is the
a. lingual
b. hypoglossal
c. vagus
d. glossopharyngeal
e. nerve to the geniohyoid muscle
a. lingual
- The pyramid of the middle ear contains the
a. stapedius mucle
b. tensor tympani muscle
c. first turn of the cochlea (basal turn)
d. chorda tympani nerve
e. lateral semicircular canal
a. stapedius mucle
- The structure that occupies the fenestra vestibuli is the
a. facial nerve
b. base of the stapes
c. stapedius muscle
d. tensor tympani muscle
e. geniculate muscle
e. geniculate muscle
- The first group of lymph nodes to receive lymph from the tip of the tongue is the
a. retroauricular
b. submental
c. submandibular
d. anterior cervical
e. retropharyngeal
b. submental
- The lymphatic drainage from the medial portion of the upper lip goes first to this group of regional nodes
a. submental
b. submandibular
c. anterior cervical
d. jugulodigastric
e. superficial cervical
b. submandibular
- In the root of the neck the subclavian artery and subclavian vein are separated by the
a. anterior scalene muscle
b. trunks of the brachial plexus
c. middle scalene muscle
d. all the above
e. a and b not c
a. anterior scalene muscle
- The muscles that extort the cornea of the eyeball are
a. inferior rectus and superior oblique
b. inferior rectus and inferior oblique
c. superior rectus and inferior oblique
d. superior rectus and superior oblique
e. superior oblique and inferior oblique
b. inferior rectus and inferior oblique
- The skin over the angle of the mandible and over most, if not all of the parotid gland is supplied by which cutaneous nerve(s)?
a. buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve
b. auricolotemporal nerve
c. great auricular nerve
d. lesser occipital nerve
e. greater occipital nerve
c. great auricular nerve
- The medial pterygoid muscle
a. originates from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
b. inserts to the medial surface of the neck of the mandible
c. has the lingual nerve passing forward on its deep surface
d. elevates the mandible
e. is innervated by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve
d. elevates the mandible
- The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is formed directly by a branch of the
a. ventral primary ramus of C1
b. dorsal primary ramus of C2
c. dorsal primary ramus of C3
d. hypoglossal
e. none of the above
a. ventral primary ramus of C1
- The external jugular vein usually begins (is formed by the union of 2 veins) just
a. posterior to the neck of the mandible
b. posterior to the angle of the mandible
c. posterior to the middle third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
d. just superior to the middle third of the clavicle
e. posterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
b. posterior to the angle of the mandible
- Lymph draining from the cervical portion of the esophagus goes first to this group of nodes
a. pretracheal
b. paratracheal
c. retropharyngeal
d. deep cervical
e. submandibular
d. deep cervical
- The two inferior parathyroid glands are sometimes found in the thorax
a. true
b. false
a. true
- The spinal accessory nerve passes through the posterior cervical triangle
a. superficial to the platysma muscle
b. in the superficial cervical fascia
c. between the investing fascia and the prevertebral fascia
d. within the carotid sheath
e. deep to the prevertebral fascia
c. between the investing fascia and the prevertebral fascia
- The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies directly anterior to the
a. thyrohyoid membrane
b. lamina of the thyroid cartilage
c. cricothyroid ligament
d. 2, 3, 4 tracheal rings
e. body of the hyoid bone
d. 2, 3, 4 tracheal rings
- The ansa cervicalis is found in this triangle of the neck
a. occipital
b. supraclavicular
c. digastric
d. carotid
e. muscular
d. carotid
- The layer of cervical fascia which forms a fascial sheath for the parotid gland is the
a. prevertebral
b. pretracheal
c. investing
d. retropharyngeal
e. superficial
c. investing
- The external jugular vein is formed just behind the angle of the mandible by the union of the
a. facial vein and anterior division of the retromandibular vein
b. facial vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein
c. occipital vein and superficial temporal vein
d. posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
e. posterior auricular and maxillary veins
d. posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
- The platysma muscle is innervated by this motor nerve
a. ansa cervicalis
b. transverse cervical
c. supraclavicular
d. facial
e. mylohyoid
d. facial
- The mastoid process of the temporal bone is usually well developed in a newborn infant
a. true
b. false
b. false
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum of nerve cell bodies is grouped in clumps called
a. nissl bodies
b. neurofilaments
c. neurofibrils
d. golgi apparati
e. synaptic vessels
a. nissl bodies
- The posterior part of the nose receives a great portion of its arterial supply from this artery
a. infraorbital
b. facial
c. superior labial
d. sphenopalatine
e. ophthalmic
d. sphenopalatine
- Which tooth of ten receives innervation from both the posterior superior alveolar and the middle superior alveolar nerves?
a. 1st maxillary premolar
b. 2nd maxillary premolar
c. 1st maxillary molar
d. 2nd maxillary molar
e. 3rd maxillary molar
c. 1st maxillary molar
- Lymph drainage from the whole vestibule of the nose goes first to this group of nodes
a. submental
b. submandibular
c. parotid
d. retropharyngeal
e. superficial cervica
b. submandibular
- Which of the following muscles cannot be found in the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?
a. scalenus medius
b. scalenus anterior
c. teres minor
d. levator scapulae
c. teres minor
- With regard to the spinal accessory nerve, choose the best statement
a. no fibers of this nerve branch from it before it crosses the posterior triangle of the neck
b. the spinal accessory nerve is strictly a sensory nerve
c. the spinal accessory nerve enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum
d. the spinal accessory nerve enters the cranial cavity through the foramen rotundum
c. the spinal accessory nerve enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum
- The facial nerve, or a branch of it
a. supplies, by its buccal branch, sensory innervation to the inside of the cheek
b. supples, through preganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani, the submandibular region
c. innervates the levator labii superioris
d. is the source of the lesser superficial petrosal nerve
c. innervates the levator labii superioris
- Which statement concerning the facial nerve is incorrect?
a. the facial nerve may also be called cranial nerve VII
b. the main portion of the facial nerve leaves the facial canal by way of the stylomastoid foramen
c. part of the facial nerve leaves the facial canal as the lesser petrosal nerve
d. the facial nerve sends the greater petrosal nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion by way of the vidian canal
c. part of the facial nerve leaves the facial canal as the lesser petrosal nerve
- The tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas is the origin of which of the following muscles?
a. rectus capitis posterior major
b. obliquus capitis inferior
c. rectus capitis posterior minor
d. levator scapulae
c. rectus capitis posterior minor
- Located within, or running through the pterygopalatine ganglion are
a. some sensory fibers of V-3
b. synapses of pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibers that are parasympathetic in function
c. some preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
b. synapses of pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibers that are parasympathetic in function
- Nerve fibers making up the sympathetic plexus on the branches of the common carotid artery are composed of
a. preganglionic sympathetic fibers
b. fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion
c. postganglionic fibers from the cervical ganglion
d. some fibers of the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve
c. postganglionic fibers from the cervical ganglion
- Structures passing through the stylomastoid foramen include
- the chorda typani
- the lesser petrosal nerve
- the hypoglossal nerve
- the main motor portion of the facial nerve
- the main motor portion of the facial nerve
- Which of the following muscles is/are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus?
- middle constrictor
- tensor veli palatini
- salpingopharygeus
- internal (medial) pterygoid
- tensor veli palatini
- Choose the best response
- autonomic motor nerves always contain a two neuron chain
- nerves III, V, VII, IX, and X contain parasympathetic preganglionic fibers where they are leaving the brain
- the pterygopalatine ganglion has some sensory nerve fibers running through it
- the optic nerve (II) contains parasympathetic fibers
- nerves III, V, VII, IX, and X contain parasympathetic preganglionic fibers where they are leaving the brain
- Choose the best response
- the facial nerve, as it descends through the facial canal is entirely motor in funtion
- the facial nerve leaves the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
- the foramen spinosum is so called because it is near the styloid process
- the zygomatic bone articulates with 4 other bones in the skull
- the foramen spinosum is so called because it is near the styloid process
- The following is/are true
- intervertebral disks are found between all cervical vertebrae
- intervertebral disks are found between all thoracic vertebrae
- intervertebral disks are found between all sacral vertebrae
- herniation of an intervertebral disk usually occurs on the posterior side of the disk
- intervertebral disks are found between all sacral vertebrae
- All synovial joints possess
- a synovial lining
- a joint space
- a joint capsule
- an articular disk
- a synovial lining
- The following strap muscles of the neck are innervated by the ansa cervicalis
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
- omohyoid
- The internal jugular vein directly receives the following tributaries
- facial vein (common facial vein)
- superficial temporal vein
- inferior petrosal sinus
- superior petrosal sinus
- superficial temporal vein
- At the level of C5 or C6 the carotid sheath contains
- the internal jugular vein
- common carotid artery
- vagus nerve
- sympathetic trunk
- the internal jugular vein
- The following statement(s) is/are correct
- the lingual artery usually passes deep to the posterior border of the hyoglossus muscle
- the facial vein passes deep to the submandibular veins
- the submandibular duct lies lateral to the hyoglossus muscle in the floor of the mouth
- the mylohyoid nerve lies on the superior surface of the mylohyoid muscle
- the facial vein passes deep to the submandibular veins
- The cerebrospinal fluid is normally found in the
- epidural space
- subarachnoid space
- subdural space
- ventricles of the vein
- subdural space
- The cranial nerve(s) attaching to the medulla is/are
- hypoglossal
- glosssopharyngeal
- vagus
- facial
- hypoglossal
- Which statements is/are correct?
- the crista galli is a part of the ethmoid bone
- the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone lies directly behind the vomer
- the crista galli lies above the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
- the squamous part of the temporal bone lies directly behind and articulates with the lesser wing of the sphenoid
- the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone lies directly behind the vomer
- Which statements is/are correct?
- the anterior clinoid processes are parts of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
2 the anterior end of the falx cerebri lies just in front of the crista galli - the posterior clinoid processes are connected to the tentorium cerebelli
- of the meningeal arteries the middle meningeal artery supplies the greatest territory
- of the meningeal arteries the middle meningeal artery supplies the greatest territory
- Which statements is/are correct?
- the chorda tympani hitch-hikes a ride on the inferior alveolar nerve
- the superior alveolar nerves are branches of the infraorbital nerve or of the maxillary nerve
- the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the lingula of the mandible
- cranial nerve IX contains some taste fibers
- the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the lingula of the mandible
- Which statements is/are correct?
- the masseter muscle is innervated by a branch of V-3
- the internal (medial) pterygoid muscle arises from the medial pterygoid plate
- the styloglossus muscle serves in retracting the tongue
- all muscles whose names end in –glossus are innervated by cranial nerve XII
- the internal (medial) pterygoid muscle arises from the medial pterygoid plate
- Which statement is/are correct?
- the posterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the nasociliary nerve
2, the lacrimal nerve lies medial to the frontal nerve - the external nasal nerve is a continuation or a branch of the nasociliary nerve
- the creater occipital nerve is a branch of the ansa cervicalis
2, the lacrimal nerve lies medial to the frontal nerve
- The carotid sheath and its contents may be safely retracted as a unit during surgical procedures of the neck. The contents of the carotid sheath include all the following structures EXCEPT:
a. common carotid artery
b. internal carotid artery
c. internal jugular vein
d. sympathetic trunk
e. vagus nerve
d. sympathetic trunk
- Which of the following is NOT formed from the cervical plexus?
a. greater occipital nerve
b. ansa cervicalis
c. supraclavicular nerve
d. transverse cervical nerve
e. greater auricular nerve
a. greater occipital nerve
- The retromandibular vein is formed by the junction of the maxillary vein and the:
a. facial vein
b. middle temporal vein
c. transverse facial vein
d. posterior auricular vein
e. superficial temporal vein
e. superficial temporal veinc. transverse facial vein
- The pterygomandibular raphe is an essentially vertical line of connective tissue indicating the plane of interconnection of the buccinator and the:
a. palatoglossal muscle
b. palatopharyngeal muscle
c. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
d. middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
e. inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
c. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
- The following veins and/or dural venous sinuses may drain directly into the cavernous sinus except:
a. ophthalmic veins
b. superior petrosal sinus
c. superior sagittal sinus
d. pterygoid plexus of veins
e. inferior petrosal sinus
c. superior sagittal sinus
- The following statements are true of the transverse sinuses except:
a. They drain into sigmoid sinuses.
b. The right often drains primarily the superior sagittal sinus.
c. The confluence of sinuses joins these with the straight sinus.
d. They contain valves that help direct the blood flow.
e. The left often drains primarily the straight sinus (& great cerebral vein)
d. They contain valves that help direct the blood flow.
- The following statements concerning the falx cerebri are true EXCEPT:
a. It arises from the crista galli of the ethmoid bone.
b. It lies between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
c. It contains the superior sagittal sinus.
d. It fuses with the tentorium cerebelli in the region of the inferior sagittal dural venous sinus.
e. It is a fold of dura mater.
d. It fuses with the tentorium cerebelli in the region of the inferior sagittal dural venous sinus.
- Five pairs of muscles contribute to the structure of the soft palate. Which statement is incorrect?
a. The fan shaped tendons of the tensor veli palatini forms the palatal aponeurosis.
b. The tendons of the tensor veli palatini hook around the pterygoid hamulus on each side.
c. The levator veli palatini passes between the base of the skull and the superior fibers of the superior pharyngeal constrictors.
d. The palatoglossi form the anterior pillars of the tonsillar fossa.
e. The palatopharyngeus muscles attach to the hyoid bone.
e. The palatopharyngeus muscles attach to the hyoid bone.
- The tissues of the hard and soft palate receive innervation that is described by all of the following except:
a. parasympathetic fibers arrive by way of the lesser petrosal nerve
b. sympathetic fibers arrive by way of the deep petrosal nerve
c. afferent neuron cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion
d. the greater and lesser palatine nerves descend in the palatine canal
e. the anterior portion of the hard palate is supplied by the nasopalatine nerves
a. parasympathetic fibers arrive by way of the lesser petrosal nerve
- Which of the following arteries does not accompany its corresponding named nerve throughout most of its course?
a. infraorbital
b. greater palatine
c. inferior alveolar
d. posterior superior alveolar
e. lingual
e. lingual
- Failure of the lateral palatine processes to fuse across the midline produces:
a. an oblique facial cleft
b. an unclosed or defective nasolacrimal duct
c. a simple midline cleft (true hare lip)
d. a simple unilateral cleft lip
e. a simple cleft of the secondary palate
e. a simple cleft of the secondary palate
- A cleft involving the lip and dental arch (alveolar ridge) is produced by fusion failure between the:
a. mandibular and maxillary processes
b. median (medial) nasal and maxillary processes
c. lateral nasal and maxillary processes
d. right and left maxillary processes
e. right and left lateral palatine processes
b. median (medial) nasal and maxillary processes
