1st Term Exam 2019 Flashcards
No. of vertebral bones
33
Flat bone
Scapula
Nerve supply of skin at the back
C2
CSF flows in
Subarachnoid space
CSF created by
Choroid plexus
Inferior nerves collectively known as
Cauda equina
Damage to cauda equina
Legs affected
Forward translation of vertebra
Spondylolisthesis
Upper sacral region
Sacral promontory
*The anterior and upper margin of the first sacral vertebra bulges forward as the posterior margin of the pelvic inlet and is termed SACRAL PROMONTORY. The sacral promontory in the female is of considerable obstetric importance and is used when measuring the size of the pelvis.
Border of lumbar triangle
Highest point of iliac crest
Lumbar tap
L4
Lumbar puncture
Subarachnoid space
What level does the spinal cord end in adults?
L1
Congenital hemivertebra
Scoliosis
Reflex of C5
Biceps
Wrist extension
C6 and C7
Queckenstendt (positive)
Block of Subarachnoid
What passes through intervertebral foramen?
Segmental spinal nerves
Least movement
Origin
Depression of bone
Fossa
Result of poliomyelitis
Scoliosis
Lower end of the spinal cord?
L1
18 year old chemical engineering student has a partial thickness burn at the right wrist and forearm. Healing would come from the cells of the?
a. Membranous part of the superficial layer
b. Fatty layer
c. Hair follicles
c. Hair follicles
* A partial-thickness burn heals from the cells of the HAIR FOLLICLES, SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND SWEAT GLANDS as well as from the cells as the edge of the burn.
In adults, the red marrow is found in?
Skull
The patella is what type of bone?
Sesamoid bone
The heel bone (calcaneum) is what type of bone?
Short bone
Same side of the body?
Ipsilateral
Planes situated to on or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it?
Paramedian plane
Movement acts on a sagittal plane?
a. Abduction
b. Adduction
c. Flexion
d. Extension
e. Lateral flexion
c. Flexion
Paronychia is an infection of the?
Nail
Nerve supply of the muscles?
a. Mixed nerve
b. Motor nerve
c. Motor point,
d. Sensory nerve
a. Mixed nerve
A person with abnormal lymphocytes will develop?
a. Kidney failure
b. Hematoma
c. Infection
c. Infection
Enlarged lymph nodes?
a. Kidney failure
b. Hematoma
c. Muscle fatigue
d. Cancer
d. Cancer
Muscles in the urinary bladder
Smooth muscles
Joint in the sutures of the vault of the skull?
Fibrous joint
Type of joint where the 1st rib is connected to the manubrium?
Primary cartilaginous joint
Which is a hinge joint?
Elbow joint
Which is a pivot joint?
Atlantoaxial joint
Which is a ball-and-socket joint?
a. Shoulder joint
b. Wrist joint
c. Elbow joint
d. Ankle joint
a. Shoulder joint
What end arteries are coronary arteries?
Functional end arteries
Which of the ff. organs where sinusoids are found?
a. Small intestine
b. Stomach
c. Pancreas
d. Liver
d. Liver
Which of the ff. organs is part of the lymphatic system?
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Pancreas
d. Spleen
d. Spleen
White matter consists of?
a. Dendrites
b. Neuron
c. Neuroglia
d. Axons
d. Axons
Which cranial nerve supplies the thorax and abdomen?
CN X
How many coccygeal nerves are there?
1
What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control?
Involuntary
Where does the spinal nerve passes?
Intervertebral
foramen
Anterior root?
Efferent fibers
*The ANTERIOR rootlets and roots consists of bundles of EFFERENT (MOTOR) NERVE FIBERS carrying nerve impulses away from the CNS.
Which joint has great degree of freedom of movement?
Synovial joint
What type of joint is in between intervertebral discs of vertebra?
Secondary Cartilaginous joint
Sympathetic nervous system response?
Tachycardia (acceleration of heart rate)
Predominant cells in the lymph?
Lymphocytes
Lying on the back?
Supination
Posterior Root?
Sensory fibers
*The POSTERIOR rootlets and roots contain bundles of AFFERENT (SENSORY) NERVE FIBERS that carry impulses to the CNS.
Anatomic position of the hands?
Palms facing forward
T/F. The liver is relatively much larger in adults than in the child.
FALSE
Which of the following is an example of circumduction?
Pitcher winding/swinging before throwing a ball
Divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right parts
Parasagittal plane
Which does not belong to the anatomical position? A. eyes are forward B. arms at the side of the body C. feet are together D. palms facing the body
D. palms facing the body
Relationship of left leg and left arm
Ipsilateral
Relation of left arm and right arm
Contralateral
Joint present in articular surface A. fibrous joint B. synovial joint C. cartilaginous D. all of the above
B. synovial joint
The heart is \_\_\_\_ to the lungs A. Superior B. Dorsal C. Medial D. Lateral E. Inferior
C. Medial
Which of the following does not have a sebaceous gland? A. Scalp B. Abdomen C. Palm and soles D. Axilla E. Lower extremities
C. Palm and soles
Divides the body into left and right portions
Median/sagittal plane
Planes that are right angles to each other
Sagittal and transverse planes
Depression in a bone
A. Facet
B. Fossa
C. Tubercle
B. Fossa
The space between the articulating
bony surfaces
Cartilaginous
*In cartilage joints, the space between the articulating bony surfaces is filled with a cartilaginous pad.
Type of cushioning joint in the pubis: A. -- B. Symphysis C. Synchondrosis D. Syndesmosis E. Fat pads
B. Symphysis
\_\_\_\_ a joint capable of side to side and back and forth movement with only slight rotation. A. Hinge B. Gliding C. Pivot D. Condyloid
D. Condyloid
The following are appendicular skeletons, except:
A. Patella B. Clavicle C. Femur D. Xiphoid E. Sternum
D. Xiphoid
Type of joint associated with growth plate?
A. Fibrous B. Synovial C. Cartilaginous D. Symphysis E. Intervertebral disc
C. Cartilaginous
Visceral Pleura:
A. Membrane lining the lungs B. Membrane lining the thoracic wall C. Fluid filling the lungs D. Thinnest portion of the pericardium E. None
A. Membrane lining the lungs
Which joint is considered to be the most stable?
A. Knee B. Suture C. Pivot D. Hinge E. Condyloid
B. Suture
Which is not part of the appendicular body:
A. Xiphoid process B. Patella C. Clavicle D. Femur E. Acromion
A. Xiphoid process
The nerve enters the muscle in the midpoint of its deep layer, the place of entrance is called?
A. Motor point B. Origin C. Attachment D. Midpoint E. Belly
A. Motor point
Produces synovial fluid:
A. Capsule B. Articular cartilage C. Synovial membrane D. Bursae E. Fat pads
C. Synovial membrane
TRUE or FALSE: In most joints, muscle tone is the major factor controlling stability.
TRUE
Which among the ff does not cause atrophy of the skeletal muscle?
A. Plastered cast on fractured bone
B. Lower motor neuron disorder
C. Weightlifting
D. Chronic illnesses
C. Weightlifting
TRUE or FALSE: Gray matter consist of nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia
TRUE
- Gray matter consists largely of nerve cell bodies embedded in neuroglia.
- White matter consists largely of nerve processes (axons) and blood vessels embedded in neuroglia.
Single segment of spinal cord:
A. Dermatome B. Spinal nerves C. Plexus D. Rami communication E. Ganglion
B. Spinal nerves
TRUE or FALSE: A muscle whose fibers run parallel to the line of pull will bring a greater movement compared with those fibers that run obliquely.
TRUE
Efferent neurons
Motor neurons
*The ANTERIOR rootlets and roots consists of bundles of EFFERENT (MOTOR) NERVE FIBERS carrying nerve impulses away from the CNS.
What part of neuron is myelinated?
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrites
D. Synapse
A. Axon
Posterior horn:
A. Afferent B. Efferent C. Motor neuron D. Interneuron E. Synapse
A. Afferent
*The POSTERIOR rootlets and roots contain bundles of AFFERENT (SENSORY) NERVE FIBERS that carry impulses to the CNS.
Which of the following does not drain into the lymph?
Central Nervous System
Rotation only:
A. Pivot B. Hinge C. Ellipsoid D. Saddle E. Plane
A. Pivot
*A central bony pivot is surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring. Rotation is the only movement possible.
It is a type of synovial joint:
A. Symphysis B. Synchondrosis C. Plane D. Suture E. Synostrosis
C. Plane
Bursa
Reduces friction between skin and bones, or muscle and bones
The joint on the articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae can cause movement of:
A. Lateral flexion
B. Circumduction
C. Dorsiflexion
D. Abduction
A. Lateral flexion
It is the most deeply penetrating structure among all the epidermal appendages:
A. Sweat glands
B. Sebaceous glands
C. Hair
D. Nails
A. Sweat glands
What moves the sole of the foot away from the midline:
A. Inversion
B. Eversion
C. Dorsiflexion
D. Plantar flexion
B. Eversion
- Inversion - is turning the sole of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction, toward the midline.
- Dorsiflexion - (the equivalent to extension) refers to lifting the top of the foot superiorly toward the shin.
- Plantar flexion - (the equivalent to flexion) refers to moving the sole of the foot inferiorly, as in standing on the toes.
A strap or chord of dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone:
Tendon
Not part of the lymphatic system:
A. Blood capillaries
B. Lymph nodes
C. Lymphatic vessels
D. Lymph
A. Blood capillaries
Lymph nodes may be located:
A. Stomach
B. Head and neck
C. Ventricle and atrium
D. Thyroid gland and in the
B. Head and neck
From the vertebral arch, it gives rise to how many processes?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
D. 7
What passes through vertebra prominens?
Vertebral veins
Which is a characteristic of a typical cervical vertebrae ?
Small and bifid spine
What fails to develop in the sacrum that results to the development of sacral hiatus?
A. Spine B. Pedicle C. Transverse process D. Lamina E. Body
D. Lamina
Patient standing up, the lordosis in the lumbar spine is:
A. Abnormal B. Normal C. Due to lifting heavy objects D. Due to pregnancy E. Due to obesity
B. Normal
Movement NOT possible for atlantooccipital joint:
A. Flexion
B. Extension
C. Lateral flexion
D. Rotation
D. Rotation
Ligament that connects odontoid process to medial surface of occipital condyle:
A. Alar ligament
B. Apical Ligament
C. Cruciate
D. Membrane tectoria
A. Alar ligament
What is a characteristic of Atlas?
A. bifid process B. Has superior articulating facet for dens C. possesses dens D. has body which is broad side to side
B. Has superior articulating facet for
dens
When a cervical rib is present, how many cervical vertebrae are present?
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 E. 7 cervical vertebra but with 13 thoracic vertebra
B. 7
Where is the intervertebral disc absent? A. C1 C2 B. C7 T1 C. Sacrum D. Thoracic spine E. L5 S1
A. C1 C2
Where is the intervertebral disc the thickest?
Cervical spine
Ligament that connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Ligamentum Flavum
What region of the vertebral process does the supraspinatous and interspinatous ligaments thicken?
Cervical region
In a normal adult in a standing position, which is the curvature:
A. Posterior convexity of the cranium
B. Posterior convexity of the thorax
C. Posterior convexity of the lumbar
D. Posterior concavity of the sacrum
B. Posterior convexity of the thorax
A 45-year ol woman living with 8 children is 8 months old pregnant. Which of the following would she likely to develop?
A. Kyphosis
B. Lordosis
B. Lordosis
Vehicular accident, C3-C4 fracture
Respiratory arrest
L5 displaced anteriorly from s5
Spondylolisthesis
Bone development in which a
cartilaginous model is first laid down and
later replaced by bone
Endochondral formation
Innervates the skin:
C2
Patient was diagnosed Prostate Cancer
a year ago, mode of metastasis?
Venous Plexus
Motor root of spinal nerve:
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Both
A. Anterior
Inferior nerve roots are collectively called as:
A. Conus medullaris
B. Filum terminale
C. Cauda equina
C. Cauda equina
Which of the following spaces contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? A. Epidural B. Subdural C. Subarachnoid D. Suboccipital
C. Subarachnoid
Most common disk herniations of the cervical vertebra A. C1C2 B. C2C3 C. C4C5 D. C5C6
D. C5C6
What level corresponds to the landmark used in lumbar puncture? A. L1 B. L2 C. L3 D. L4 E. L5
C. L3
*Thus puncture inferior to the L3 vertebra minimizes the possibility of impaling the spinal cord.
Landmark of caudal anesthesia:
A. Sacral cornua B. Tip of coccyx C. Sacral hiatus D. Iliac crest E. Posterior inferior iliac crest
C. Sacral hiatus
*Sacral cornua - the hiatus is triangular or U shaped and is bounded laterally by sacral cornua
The spinal cord is continuous to which part of the brain:
A. Hypothalamus B. Cerebrum C. Thalamus D. Medulla oblongata E. Temporal lobe
D. Medulla oblongata
This is a superficial muscle of the back.
A. Levator Scapulae B. Serratus Posterior Superior C. Levatores Costarum D. Longissimus E. Semispinalis
A. Levator Scapulae
Spinal stenosis causes symptoms in the:
A. Neck
B. Legs
C. Upper abdominal wall
B. Legs
*Symptoms vary from mild discomort in the lower back to severe pain radiating down to leg with the inability to walk.
Which is affected if root of C5 is injured:
A. Patella B. Triceps C. Biceps D. Cremaster E. Ankle jerk
C. Biceps
This condition results from the failure of the development of the arches and spines of one or more adjacent vertebra:
A. Spina bifida
B. Scoliosis
C. Meningocele
A. Spina bifida
TRUE or FALSE:. Muscles whose fibers run parallel to the line of pull will bring about a greater degree of movement compared with those whose fibers run
obliquely.
TRUE
Patient with osteoporosis, which is most vulnerable to nerve root pain due to encroachment of the intervertebral
foramen?
5th lumbar nerve
Intervertebral Foramen:
A. Vertebral Artery B. Lymphoid C. Segmental Nerve D. Anterior Root E. Posterior Root
C. Segmental Nerve
66 years old man with osteoarthritis. Compression of what lumbar nerve root?
L5
Which region of the vertebral column has the greatest range of motion for rotation?
Cervical region
Lumbar tap is performed at the level of?
Posterior superior iliac crest
What type of bone is the scapula?
A. Long B. Irregular C. Short D. Flat E. Sesamoid
D. Flat
Congenital hermivertebrae
Scoliosis
In the thoracic region, what muscle, when contracted, permits rotation movement of vertebrae contralaterally
Semispinalis thoracis
Body of lumbar vertebra
Kidney shaped
Hyaline cartilage ossifies earlier in life
FALSE
Person fell from 20ft and the ring of atlas was fractured
Jefferson’s fracture
A type of joint that allows single direction:
A. Hinge B. Condyloid C. Ball and socket D. Pivot E. Saddle
A. Hinge
Cross section of an organ is made if you divide across which plane:
A. Sagittal B. Midsagittal C. Coronal D. Transverse E. Corona
D. Transverse
What do you see in the x ray of a person with herniated nucleus pulposus?
A. Expands the space between vertebral bodies
B. Narrowing of the space between the vertebral bodies
B. Narrowing of the space between the
vertebral bodies
