Gross Anatomy #1 – Osteology (Back) 2009 Flashcards
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 7
e) 12
e) 12
Which of the following spinal segments have primary curves?
a) Cervical and thoracic
b) Cervical and lumbar
c) Thoracic and sacral
d) Thoracic and lumbar
e) Lumbar and sacral
c) Thoracic and sacral
An elderly patient is having their back examined. Upon bending over, no lateral
deviation is seen. When standing, there appears to be an exaggerated “hump back.”
Which of the following best describes the patient’s condition?
a) Normal
b) Scoliosis
c) Lordosis
d) Kyphosis
e) Military posture
d) Kyphosis
What regional vertebra would have a heart-shaped body and superior facets that are directed posteriorly and laterally? a) Cervical b) Thoracic c) Lumbar d) Sacral e) Coccyx
b) Thoracic
What vertebral segment corresponds to the inferior scapular angle?
a) C7
b) T3
c) T7
d) T12
e) L4
c) T7
The vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of the atlas and descends the
cervical column passing through transverse foramen of all cervical vertebrae EXCEPT:
a) C7
b) C6-C7
c) C5-C7
d) C4-C7
e) C3-C7
a) C7
During a practical exam, you are given a black bag with a single vertebra inside and
asked to identify the vertebra. You feel normal transverse processes and a small spinous
process. You also feel a bony prominence arising perpendicular to the anterior (body)
surface of the vertebra. What is the most likely answer?
a) Atlas
b) Axis
c) C7
d) Typical thoracic
e) Typical lumbar
b) Axis
Concentric lamellae are part of the \_\_\_\_ and the fibers of each layer runs \_\_\_\_ to the next layer. a) Annulus fibrosus; Perpendicular b) Annulus fibrosus; Parallel c) Nucleus pulposus; Perpendicular d) Nucleus pulposus; Parallel
a) Annulus fibrosus; Perpendicular
A disc herniation of the nucleus pulposus comes out to the side because what structure blocks a direct posterior hernia? a) Ligamentum flavum b) Anterior longitudinal ligament c) Posterior longitudinal ligament d) Cauda equina e) Filum terminale
c) Posterior longitudinal ligament
Which ligament is the most likely to be damaged in a whip-lash injury when the driver of a car is hit from behind? a) Ligamentum flavum b) Anterior longitudinal ligament c) Posterior longitudinal ligament d) Cruciform ligament e) Alar ligament
b) Anterior longitudinal ligament
Which of the following locations (articulations) is responsible for the largest portion of rotational “no” movement of the head? a) Atlanto-occipical b) Atlanto-axial c) C2-C3 d) C6-C7 e) C7-T1
b) Atlanto-axial
A 19-year-old female presents two days following an automobile accident. She
indicates that she had a stiff neck that has since receded, but now she claims her neck feels “loose”. Physical exam reveals excessive rightward rotation of the head and atlas.
What ligament has most likely been damaged?
a) Ligamentum flavum
b) Anterior longitudinal ligament
c) Posterior longitudinal ligament
d) Cruciform ligament
e) Alar ligament
e) Alar ligament
In what region could vertebra slide over each other and lock without breaking the articular facets? a) Cervical b) Thoracic c) Lumbar d) Sacral e) Coccyx
d) Sacral
In the lumbar region, the pars interarticularis is on the \_\_\_\_ and in the cervical region it is on the \_\_\_\_. a) Lamina; Pedicle b) Pedicle; Lamina c) Lamina; Lamina d) Pedicle; Pedicle
a) Lamina; Pedicle
In an oblique radiograph of the lumbar spine, what makes the eye of the “Scotty dog”? a) Par interarticularis b) Lamina c) Pedicle d) Inferior articular process e) Superior articular process
c) Pedicle
