H.D - Chapter 3

Question 1

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 1

The outer covering of the brain involved in voluntary activity and thinking
-divided into two hemispheres

Question 2

Axons

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

Myelination

Answer 3

-appears after birth
-Fat
-Bigger head
-helps information to process more quickly

Question 4

Sypnatogenesis

Answer 4

The formation of connection between neurons
-Blooming: Period of rapid neural growth

Question 5

Pruning

Answer 5

Where neural connections are reduced thereby making those that are used stronger

Question 6

Sucking and rooting (turning head when cheek touched) reflexes

Answer 6

-good for eating

Question 7

Advantages of breastfeeding

Answer 7

-Rich in nutrients and antibodies
-Easier to digest
-Lower rates of disorders including SIDS
-Breastmilk until 6 MONTHS
-Advantages for mother: lower risk of breast cancer; more likely to space pregnancies further apart

Question 8

Visual Development

Answer 8

-Prefer more symmetrical faces
-Learn through the experience of crawling
-Vision is a poorly developed sense
-Blurry vision
-Can only perceive very basics form of color
-Eye movement is saccadic

Question 9

Sequence of motor development

Answer 9

-Sitting w/o support
-Standing w/ assistance
-Hands and knees crawling
-Walking w/ assistance
-Standing alone
-Walking alone

Question 10

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

Answer 10

-First stage of cognitive development
-Learn the world through their sensor and motor abilities
-Schema
-Assimilation
-Accommodation (expanding the framework)
-Development of object permanence (8mo)
-Circular motions

Question 11

Symbolic Understanding

Answer 11

Allow infants to represent absent people and objects in their minds
-Make-believe play
-beginnings of language

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

Responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations

Question 13

Deferred Imitation

Answer 13

The imitation of actions after a time delay
-Can remember only if infants can participate in behavior they are shown

Question 14

Early signs of language

Answer 14

1. Cooing and babbling
2. Gesturing
3. Understanding
4. Holographic speech (one word expressions)
5. Language Errors (overextension)

Question 15

Attachment Development

Answer 15

1. Preattatchment (birth - 3 mo) (don’t care what caregiver it is)
2. Attachment in the making (4-7 mo) (show preference for caregiver; still care for others)
3. “Clear out” attachment (6 mo- 24 mo) (separation anxiety)
4. Formation of a reciprocal relationship

Question 16

Insecure Attachment:

Ambivalent (resistent) Style

Answer 16

-Stays close or cling to caregiver
-Extremely distressed when caregiver leaves
-May still be angry when they return
-Parent doesn’t respond to child’s needs

Question 17

Insecure Attachment:

Avoidant Attachment Style

Answer 17

-Avoid or ignore the mother
-Show little emotion when mother leaves
-Learns that caregiver can’t provide all needs
-Learns to be independent

Question 18

Insecure Attachment:

Disorganized/Disoriented Style:

Answer 18

-Inconsisten way of coping with stress of strange situation
-Child is given mixed, or confused responses
-Child does not know how to interpret emotions
-EX: Abused children

Question 19

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Erikson

Answer 19

Believed toddlers should be able to explore the world freely
-Develop sense of independence
-Help w/ self-esteem, initiative and confidence

Question 20

Goodness of fit

Answer 20

The interaction between infant and parent due to temperament

Question 21

Erikson Trust and Mistrust

Answer 21

A parent that meets a child’s needs can develop the sense of trust, a safety net