EXAM 1 - Psych Flashcards
Science
Knowledge derived from observation, study, and experimentation
Psychology
Science of behavior and mental processes
Structuralism
- BREAKDOWN BEHAVIOR into small elements of experience
- Focus on contents of mental processes rather than their function
Wilhem Wundt
Analytic Introspection
Attend carefully to sensations and experiences then report them
-“break it down”
Functionalism
Focus on CONSEQUENCES of behavior and mental processes
William James
ID
Components of Personality:
Seeks immediate gratification
- You want it > you get it = you don’t care about consequences
Ego
Components of Personality:
Seen by others
- care about what others think = correlates ID and Superego
Superego
Components of Personality:
“conscience”
Wilhem Wundt
Structuralism
Analytic Introspection
Voluntarism
Founders of Psych
William James
Functionalism
Founders of Psych
Sigmund Freud
Psychodynamic Theory
Components of Personality
John B. Watson
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism
Reinforcement and Punishment
Operant Conditioning Chamber
Abraham Maslow
Humanism
Hierarchy of needs
Motivating behavior
Gesagt Psychology
The whole is different than the sum of its parts
* Context matters
* A song piece
Psychodynamic Theory
Focus on how mental processes influence behavior
Sigmund Freud
Behaviorism
All behaviors are learned through the interactions of the environment
Humanistic Psychology
The potential for good that is innate to all humans
Maslow, Rogers
Cognitive Psychology
Focus on understanding the workings of the mind
Psychological Perspectives:
Biological Psychology
(Neuroscience)
Effects of genetics, physiology, and biology on behavior and mental processes
Psychological Perspectives:
Social Psychology
How we are affected by others
Psychological Perspectives:
Cognitive Psychology
Process of thinking; thinking pattens
Psychological Perspectives:
Developmental Psychology
How we change overtime
Psychological Perspectives:
Clinical Psychology
Psychological disorders and well-being
-Diagnosis and treatment
-Consider other perspectives
Psychological Perspectives:
Individual Differences
Psychological characteristics that distinguish each person from another and help define each person individually
Applied Research
Behavioral Medicine : Do research > then apply
Ex: Develop programs to stop smoking
Forensic: Legal research
Industrial / organizational: work places
Ex: Evaluate work performance
Basic Research
For the goal of knowing
Useful in the future
Human Services
-Clinical Psychologists : Specialized training in assessment treatment
-Psychotherapists
-School Psychologists
Hypothesis
TESTABLE prediction implied by theory
*tells us how to collect data
Ex: Students with test anxiety will do worse in math
Theory
Explains and predicts behavior and mental processes
Ex: Test anxiety affects math performance
Surveys/ Questionnaires
*No causation
*Easy
*Gather data from larger samples
*People may not give accurate responses
*Can generalize but not a lot
Interview
Individuals asked a series of questions
*no causation
Naturalistic Observation
Observation without intervention; observe natural environment
*Observer bias
*people act different when watched
*difficult to set and control
*expensive, time consuming
Case Study
When they focus on one person or just a few individuals
*can’t generalize
*more valuable observations
*very specific cases (conjoined twins)
