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Intro to Psych > EXAM 5 - PSYCH > Flashcards

EXAM 5 - PSYCH Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological / Physiological

A
  • Genetics
  • Brain abnormalities
  • Chemical abnormalities
    *Neurotransmitters
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2
Q

Behavioral

A

Reinforcement of maladaptive behavior

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3
Q

Cognitive

A

False assumptions / beliefs

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4
Q

Sociocultural

A

Importance of context

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5
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Depressed mood most if ge day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in activities

  • For at least two weeks
  • Symptoms:
  • Significant weight loss or weight gain
    *Psychomotor agitation or retardation
    *Fatigue
    *Feeling of worthlessness or guilt
    *Difficulty concentrating
    *Indecisiveness
    *Suicidal ideation

-Episodic
*present at full magnitude for a certain period of time and gradually abate

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6
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Typically alternates between depression and mania

-Mania:
*Restlessness
*Extra energy
*Elevated or irritable mood
*Inflated self-esteem
*Decreased need for sleep
*Flight of ideas (rambling)
*Increased in risky behavior

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7
Q

Schizophrenia

A

-Delusions
*Disorganized thinking
*False beliefs / paranoia

-Hallucinations
*Sensory experience w/o sensory stimulus
*Auditory most common type
*Emotions (mismatch or emotionless)
*Speech (rambling or incoherent)
*Behavioral (bizarre or repetitive or motionless)

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8
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Uncontrollable tension and unease

-Symptoms:
*Feel anxious constantly
*Restlessness
*Difficulty concentrating
*Irritability
*Muscle Tension
*Sleep Difficulty

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9
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Experiences excessive, distressing and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

-Disrupts a person’s life –> Avoidance

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10
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Intense fear, anxiety and avoidance of situation in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

-“Fear of marketplace”
-Separate anxiety disorder
-EX: Plane, classroom, mall

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11
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

-Concerned they might be judged or humiliated
-More likely to obtain lower education nd lower earnings
-Safety behaviors
*Mental or behavioral acts
*Reduce anxiety
-Self medicate (alcohol)

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12
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Repeated panic attacks
-Emotional
*Intense fear

-Physical
*Increased heart rate
*breathing difficulties
*Shaking
*Nauseous
*Disconnect
*Swearing
*Chest pain

-Cognitive
*Believe they’re dying, loosing reality

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13
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Persistent uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions)

-Performance of repetitive rituals (compulsions)
*EX: washing hands
*reduce anxiety

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14
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Exposure to traumatic event
*Persistently re-experienced
*Flashbacks, dreams

-Symptoms:
*Emotional numbing
*Anxiety
*Difficulty w concentrating and memory

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15
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Sudden inability to recall personal information
-Episodes
-Due to trauma

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16
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Presence of more than one personality

*Each has own memories, behaviors and voice

17
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

manipulative and deceitful
-Lack empathy
-Behavior is risky
*EX: irresponsible –> refuse to go to work
-Relationships are shallow

18
Q

Boderline Personality Disorder

A

-Emotional volatile
-Mood Swings
-Excessive self-criticism
-Extreme judgements
-Preoccupied w/ abandonment
-Self-harm behavior
-Self-sabotage

19
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

-Difficulty w social relationships
*EX: limited eye contact
-Difficulty w communication
*EX: repetitive speech
-Narrow interests
-Repetitive Behavior

20
Q

Attention-deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Easy distraction and inattention
-Impulsivity
-Excessive activity

21
Q

Types of Disorders:
Anxiety Disorders

A

Strong negative emotions

Physiological tension

22
Q

Types of Disorders:
Dissociative Disorders

A

Sudden alteration in consciousness, identity, memory

23
Q

Types of Disorders:
Personality Disorder

A

Chronic maladaptive patterns integrated into an individual’s personality

Impaired ability to establish empathy or intimacy

24
Q

Types of Disorders:
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A

Typically continue throughout life

25
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

Apply electricity to induce seizures
-still used very rarely
-severe depressive symptoms
-~85% people improve
-Acts very quickly
-Effects less likely to persist

26
Q

Antidepressants

A

Depression results from deficiencies of neurotransmitters

-Increase the availability of serotonin and or norepinephrine

27
Q

Mood Stabilizers

A

-Lithium:
*Treatment for bipolar disorder
*small therapeutic drug
*Toxic too much
(tremors, kidney problems, altered level of consciousness)

28
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Schizophrenia results from excessive dopamine activity

Block dopamine receptors

29
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Help insight into unconscious motivations

-Freud
-Mostly ineffective

-Free Association (talks freely, therapist interprets)
-Dream Analysis (Describes dream, therapist analysis)

30
Q

Humanistic Theories

A

Increase self -understanding and self-acceptance
-Therapist is unconditional positive regard

-Accepting environment may not be enough to bring lasting change

31
Q

Behavior therapies

A

Change avert behaviors

-Operant Conditioning
-Classical Conditioning
-Systematic Desensinitation
*Client learns to relax in response to fearful situations

32
Q

Cognitive Therapies

A

Change faulty thought patterns
-Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
*ABC model
*Increase awareness of irrational beliefs

-Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
*Cognitive Triad of Depression Self, world, and future

33
Q
A

Intro to Psych (29 decks)

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