H.D - Chapter 1 Flashcards
Life Span Perspective:
Development is Lifelong
No single age is more crucial
Life Span Perspective:
Development is Multidirectional
Every change entails both, growth and loss
Life Span Perspective:
Development is Multidimensional
Physical Domain: Height, weight, Prosperity for disease
Cognitive Domain: Intelligence, wisdom, memory, language
Physiological Domain: Emotion, Self- perception, relationships
Life Span Perspective:
Development is Multidisciplinary
Theories
Life Span Perspective:
Development is classified by Plasticity
Plasticity : Our brains ability to change
Life Span Perspective:
Development is Multi-contextual
Normative Age- Graded: Specific age groups’ experiences
Normative History-Graded: Time period in which you are born
Non-Normative Life Influences: Unique experiences that shape development
Normative vs. Non-normative
Normative - Getting license
Non-Normative - Teenage pregnancy
Poverty Level
An income amount established by the federal government
-> Income less than threshold - Poverty
Cohort
A group of people who are born at same period
Conceptions of Age:
Chronological Age
Number of years since birth
Conceptions of Age:
Biological Age
How quickly the body is aging
-Ex; nutrition, physical activities, stress, genes
Conceptions of Age:
Psychological Age
Psychologically adaptive capacity compared to others of our age
-Ex; emotional beliefs about how old we are
Conceptions of Age:
Social Age
Based on the social norms of our culture and expectations our culture has for the people our age group
Discontinuous Development
Development occurs in distinct stages, qualitative different from each other, in a set, universal sequence
-Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kholberg
Continuous Development
Development is a more slow and gradual process
-Vygotsky
Ecological System Theory:
Microsystem
people or places you interact with directly
Ecological System Theory:
Mesosystem
Relationship that people have who are in your microsystem
People are not interacting w you directly but still affects you
Ex; Parents making decision about you
Ex; Parent- Teacher conferences
Ecological System Theory:
Exosystem
Larger decisions that affect all community and you
Ex: Work policy
Ex; Community healthcare services
Ex; Extended family
Ex; Neighborhood
Ecological System Theory:
Macrosystems
Ex; Laws
Ex;Culture
Ex; Values
Correlational Research
Designed to discover relationship between variables, and allow prediction for future events
Experimental Research
A research that manipulates one or more variables to see their effects
Types of Research:
Descriptive Research
-Case Studies (small group)
-Naturalistic Observation (no manipulation)
-Laboratory Observation
-Survey
-Interview
-Psychosocial Assessment (heart rate, brain activity etc.)
-Secondary/Content Analysis
Active versus Passive
How much does an individual play a role in their own development?
How much does the environment contribute to development
Stability vs Change
How similar are you to how you were as a child? `
Types of Research:
Correlational Research
-Correlation coefficient
-Positive/Negative Correlation
-Third variables
Types of Research:
Experimental Research
-Hypothesis
-Variables
Types of Research:
Cross-sectional Research
Compares samples that represent a cross section of the population who vary in age
-Cohort effect: Impact of having been born in a certain time period
Types of Research:
Longitudinal Research
Studying a group of people who are the same age, and measuring them repeatedly over a period of time
-Attrition: When participants are unable to participate all portions of the study
-Practice Effect
