handout fc's

Question 1

what plays a major role in what children learn?

Answer 1

observation

Question 2

who proposed a social learning theory which suggests that observation, imitation, and modeling play a primary role in observational learning?

Answer 2

Albert Bandura

Question 3

bandura’s theory is similar to the behaviorists in that it combines what?

Answer 3

his own theory with the behavioral idea that all behaviors are learned through conditioning, and cognitive theories, which take into account psychological influences such as attention and memory

Question 4

the first half of the 20th century was dominated by what psychological theory?

Answer 4

behaviorism

Question 5

behaviorists believe what?

Answer 5

all learning is a direct result of experience with the environment through the processes of association and reinforcement, and learning was a result of reinforcement or punishment

Question 6

bandura believed that the behaviorists were wrong in what aspect

Answer 6

he believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning

Question 7

bandura proposed a social learning theory which suggested what

Answer 7

learning can also occur simply by observing others

Question 8

3 things to know about social learning

Answer 8

1. people learn through observation
2. internal mental states are important to learning
3. just because something has been learned does not mean it will result in a change in behavior

Question 9

people can learn through observation example

Answer 9

children observed an adult violently treating a bobo doll which resulted in the children treating the doll in a similar way

Question 10

three basic models of observational learning

Answer 10

1. a live model
2. a verbal instruction
3. a symbolic model

Question 11

a live model is

Answer 11

an individual demonstrates a behavior

Question 12

verbal instruction is

Answer 12

descriptions explanations of behavior

Question 13

a symbolic model is

Answer 13

real or fictional characters displaying behavior in books, films, television, movies, or online media

Question 14

internal mental states are important to learning

Answer 14

1. reinforcement does not always come from outside forces
2. intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal rewards such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment
3. emphasis here helps connect learning theories to cognitive developmental theories
4. Bandura describes his approach as social cognitive theory

Question 15

just because something has been learned does not mean a change in behavior will occur

Answer 15

1. observational learning demonstrates people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors, although behaviorists would not agree
2. , not all observed behaviors are effectively learned
3. the model and the learner play a role in whether learning is successful

Question 16

observational learning and modeling process steps 4

Answer 16

1. attention
2. retention
3. reproduction
4. motivation

Question 17

attention

Answer 17

1. need to pay attention to learn
2. to pay attention there must be certain aspects present to keep your attention which might be a) an interesting model b) novel aspect of the situation

Question 18

retention

Answer 18

ability to store information

Question 19

reproduction

Answer 19

perform the observed behavior

Question 20

motivation

Answer 20

reward and reinforcement play important roles in motivation. either your own punishment or reward or someone else’s

Question 21

real-world applications of the social learning theory

Answer 21

understand how aggression and violence might be transmitted

Question 22

CBT has been helpful as a treatment for what psychological ailments?

Answer 22

1. depression
2. anxiety disorder
3. alcohol and drug use problems
4. marital problems
5. eating disorders
6. severe mental illness

Question 23

studies suggest that CBT leads to what

Answer 23

1. significant improvement and functional quality of life

2. and is as or more effective than other forms of psychological therapy or psychiatric medications

Question 24

CBT is based on what core principals

Answer 24

1. psychological problems are based on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking
2. psychological problems are based on learned patterns of unhelpful behavior
3. people suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping with them, which can relieve symptoms

Question 25

principals to change thinking patterns

Answer 25

1. recognize your own distortions in thinking which are creating problems. reevaluate them in the light of reality 2. gain an understanding of behavior and motivation of others 3. use problem-solving skills to cope 4. learn to develop a greater sense of confidence in your ability

Question 26

principals to change behavioral patterns

Answer 26

1. face fears 2. role play potentially problematic situations 3. calm your mind and relax your body

Question 27

CBT and client psychologist relationships

Answer 27

1. the psychologist and client in CBT work together to find the best treatment path 2. client must learn to be their own therapist 3. exercise in and out of session 4. develop coping skills for changing thinking problematic emotions, and behavior 5. emphasize current life rather than what has led up to their difficulties 6. focus on moving forward