handout fc's Flashcards

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1
Q

what plays a major role in what children learn?

A

observation

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2
Q

who proposed a social learning theory which suggests that observation, imitation, and modeling play a primary role in observational learning?

A

Albert Bandura

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3
Q

bandura’s theory is similar to the behaviorists in that it combines what?

A

his own theory with the behavioral idea that all behaviors are learned through conditioning, and cognitive theories, which take into account psychological influences such as attention and memory

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4
Q

the first half of the 20th century was dominated by what psychological theory?

A

behaviorism

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5
Q

behaviorists believe what?

A

all learning is a direct result of experience with the environment through the processes of association and reinforcement, and learning was a result of reinforcement or punishment

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6
Q

bandura believed that the behaviorists were wrong in what aspect

A

he believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning

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7
Q

bandura proposed a social learning theory which suggested what

A

learning can also occur simply by observing others

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8
Q

3 things to know about social learning

A
  1. people learn through observation
  2. internal mental states are important to learning
  3. just because something has been learned does not mean it will result in a change in behavior
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9
Q

people can learn through observation example

A

children observed an adult violently treating a bobo doll which resulted in the children treating the doll in a similar way

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10
Q

three basic models of observational learning

A
  1. a live model
  2. a verbal instruction
  3. a symbolic model
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11
Q

a live model is

A

an individual demonstrates a behavior

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12
Q

verbal instruction is

A

descriptions explanations of behavior

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13
Q

a symbolic model is

A

real or fictional characters displaying behavior in books, films, television, movies, or online media

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14
Q

internal mental states are important to learning

A
  1. reinforcement does not always come from outside forces
  2. intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal rewards such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment
  3. emphasis here helps connect learning theories to cognitive developmental theories
  4. Bandura describes his approach as social cognitive theory
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15
Q

just because something has been learned does not mean a change in behavior will occur

A
  1. observational learning demonstrates people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors, although behaviorists would not agree
  2. , not all observed behaviors are effectively learned
  3. the model and the learner play a role in whether learning is successful
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16
Q

observational learning and modeling process steps 4

A
  1. attention
  2. retention
  3. reproduction
  4. motivation
17
Q

attention

A
  1. need to pay attention to learn
  2. to pay attention there must be certain aspects present to keep your attention which might be a) an interesting model b) novel aspect of the situation
18
Q

retention

A

ability to store information

19
Q

reproduction

A

perform the observed behavior

20
Q

motivation

A

reward and reinforcement play important roles in motivation. either your own punishment or reward or someone else’s

21
Q

real-world applications of the social learning theory

A

understand how aggression and violence might be transmitted

22
Q

CBT has been helpful as a treatment for what psychological ailments?

A
  1. depression
  2. anxiety disorder
  3. alcohol and drug use problems
  4. marital problems
  5. eating disorders
  6. severe mental illness
23
Q

studies suggest that CBT leads to what

A
  1. significant improvement and functional quality of life

2. and is as or more effective than other forms of psychological therapy or psychiatric medications

24
Q

CBT is based on what core principals

A
  1. psychological problems are based on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking
  2. psychological problems are based on learned patterns of unhelpful behavior
  3. people suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping with them, which can relieve symptoms
25
Q

principals to change thinking patterns

A
  1. recognize your own distortions in thinking which are creating problems. reevaluate them in the light of reality
  2. gain an understanding of behavior and motivation of others
  3. use problem-solving skills to cope
  4. learn to develop a greater sense of confidence in your ability
26
Q

principals to change behavioral patterns

A
  1. face fears
  2. role play potentially problematic situations
  3. calm your mind and relax your body
27
Q

CBT and client psychologist relationships

A
  1. the psychologist and client in CBT work together to find the best treatment path
  2. client must learn to be their own therapist
  3. exercise in and out of session
  4. develop coping skills for changing thinking problematic emotions, and behavior
  5. emphasize current life rather than what has led up to their difficulties
  6. focus on moving forward