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Psychology of Criminal Behavior > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

antisocial behavior

A

includes both the legal designation and criminal behavior, and the actions that violate standards of society but are undetected by law enforcement

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2
Q

classical theory

A

theoretical thinking, which emphasizes free will as the hallmark of human behavior

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3
Q

clearance rate

A

an offense is cleared when at least one person is arrested, charged with the commission of the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution

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4
Q

cognition

A

refer to the attitudes, beliefs, values, and thoughts that a person holds about the social environment, interrelations, human nature, and him-or herself

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5
Q

conformity perspective

A

views humans as creatures of conformity who want to do the “right” thing

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6
Q

criminal profiling

A

refers to the process of identifying personality traits, behavioral tendencies, geographic location, and demographic variables of an offender based on characteristics of the crime

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7
Q

criminology

A

is the multidisciplinary study of crime

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8
Q

dark figure

A

the overall number of criminal offenses that go undetected or are unknown by law enforcement agencies

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9
Q

developmental approach

A

examines the changes and influences across a person’s lifetime that may contribute to formation of antisocial and criminal behavior, sometimes called “risks factors.”

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10
Q

difference in degrees

A

human beings may be placed along a continuam consisting of all animals in the known universe

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11
Q

difference in kind

A

humans are distinctly different from other animals-spiritually, and mentally, noteworthy neurobiologists and pioneer brain researchers, such as sir John eccles.

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12
Q

differential association theory

A

criminal behavior is learned, as is all social behavior

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13
Q

dispositions

A

or personality traits that psychologists they could use to understand human behavior

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14
Q

hate crime statistics act

A

requires data collection of violent attacks, intimidation arson, or property damage that are directed at a person or group of persons because of race, religion, sexual orientation

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15
Q

hierarchy rule

A

stipulates that when a number of offenses have been committed during a series, only the more serious offense is included in the UCR data

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16
Q

index crimes

A

serious crimes or part 1 crimes, considered indicators of the crime problem in the United States

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17
Q

intimate partner violence

A

commuted primarily against women, women are the victims 85% pf the time and 22% of crimes on women are this type, 20-24 year olds are more likely to experience this, black women experience this at a 35% higher rate than white women do

18
Q

just world hypothesis

A

things do not just happen without reason that is closely related to ones actions

19
Q

learning perspective

A

human beings are neutral, neither inherently good or bad

20
Q

national crime victimization survey( NCVS)

A

the source of victimization data based on interviews on the phone or in person. domestic violence is common to hear about, and demographic differences are there often.

21
Q

national incident based reporting system (NIBRS)

A

helped into structure by the uniform crime reporting system , all agencies within the department of defense must collect and report data to the fbi on two cataegoresi of offenses. group A which includes 46 serious offenses and group B which includes 11 less serious offenses

22
Q

nonconformist perspective

A

assumes that human beings are undisciplined creatures ruled by carnal desire. without restrictions placed on them by society, they will commit crime by their nature

23
Q

non index crimes

A

non serious crimes or part 2 crimes

24
Q

part 1 crimes

A

other name for index crimes which are subdivided into the violent and property offenses

25
Q

part 2 crimes

A

only arrest data comes up for part 2 crimes or nonferrous crimes

26
Q

positive theory

A

prior experiences determine present behavior

27
Q

psychiatric criminology

A

diverse, increasingly research based, and incredibly less steeped in the traditional belief that criminals are acting out their uncontrolled animalistic, unconscious, or biological urges

28
Q

psychological criminology

A

the science and behavior of mental processes in the person who commits a crime

29
Q

social control theory

A

crime and delinquency occur when an individual’s ties to the conventional order or normative standards are weak or largely nonexistent

30
Q

social learning theory

A

the learning perspective exemplified, like imitation of models and whatnot

31
Q

sociological criminology

A

examines the relationships of demographic and group variables to crime

32
Q

status offenses

A

behaviors that are not technically crimes but are forbidden to juveniles

33
Q

strain theory

A

fundamentally conforming beings who are strongly influenced by the values and attitudes of the society in which they live

34
Q

theory verification

A

the process of theory testing

35
Q

traits

A

like behavioral traits that may display a tendency toward something

36
Q

uniform crime reporting (UCR)

A

the most cited source of US crime statistics and is designed by the fbi. publishes annual documents containing accounts of crimes known to police and information on arrests received on a voluntary basis from local and sate law enforcement agencies throughout the United States

37
Q

uniform crime reports

A

annual national statistical report on crime

38
Q

the difference between psychological criminology and sociological criminology

A

the psychological is based on the mindset of the criminal the sociological is based on the demographic and group variables

39
Q

the three perspectives of human nature

A
  1. conformity perspective
  2. nonconformist perspective
  3. learning perspective
40
Q

three methods of measuring crime and examples

A
  1. uniform crime reporting
  2. national incident based reporting system
  3. national crime victimization survey
41
Q

strengths and weaknesses of self-report survey’s

A

strengths=you can get a lot of information about a lot of people quicker. sometimes more accurate information because people may have broken the law and not been caught for it
weaknesses=people may not be truthful with their reporting of themselves. they may forget things they’ve done.

42
Q

whats different between status offenses and others

A

status offenses only affect juveniles and cannot be called a crime later in life. status offenses include running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school regularly, and in some states incorrigibility

Psychology of Criminal Behavior (11 decks)

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