chapter 5

Question 1

More violence occurs in him and in violent communities

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Question 2

Violence is often thought to be for gan and survival but history points to the thought that it only causes issue

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Question 3

Human beings may have developed aggression from how animals work bu the most likely got this because of the social environment

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Question 4

We don’t have to be aggressive overly but some socially acceptable areas allow it

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Question 5

Defining aggression:

Answer 5

Some define it as an intent to harm physically or socially or with an object

Question 6

Passive aggressive behaviors

Answer 6

behavior interpreted with egressive intent)

Question 7

Buss tried to define aggression based on the intent of the aggressor

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Question 8

Freshbach made distinction Hostile and instrumental aggression:

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Question 9

Instrumental:

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1. Competition or desire for some object or stats posessed by another, the agression comes about hen the feel they must or risk losing what they wanted, usually white collar crime
2. However heinous the cime looks will affect sentencing
3. Bushman and Anderson point out that the hostile and instrumental chotomy fail to recognize that many acts like this have multiple motives. This is also better if the aggression runs along a pole that says controlled aggression all the way ti automatic

Question 10

Hostile:

Answer 10

1. Agression occurs usually after perceived insults, physical attacks, or ones own failures.
2. The aggressors goal is to make the victim suffer

Question 11

Interpretation by victim:

Answer 11

1. Most definitions of aggression imply that agression revolves around the behaviors and intentions reading within the perpetrator
2. Must consider both the injurious behavior of the perpetrator and the social judgment of the victim
3. Text book must focus on as manifested in conduct not on how the victim sees it
4. Psychological aggression might be intimidation threats or stalking
5. Not all agression is qualified as criminal, some are not but aggression must be intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
6. All violence is agressivebehavior but not all aggressive behavior is violent

Question 12

Theoretical perspectives:

Answer 12

1. A theory is an integrated set of principals that describe predict and explain some phenomena
2. Psychoanalytical/psychodynamic approach:
3. Theorists believe that impulses must be approaclyy managed or self in check or we will all be violent

Question 13

Psychodynamic hydronic model:

Answer 13

1. Bears a close resemblance to pressure build up in a container
2. Freud suggested that aggression in all of its forms is a blow off of steam build up
3. Ctharisis is what blows this off generally watching or participating in a spirt
4. Children who watch sports are less likely to be aggressive then children who are
5. Psychotherapy is good for catharsis

Question 14

Ethological viewpoints:

Answer 14

1. The study f animal behavior in relation to its habitat comparing to human behavior
2. Lorenz was the chief spokesperson for this

Question 15

Lorenz:

Answer 15

1. Agression is an inherited instinct of both humans and animals
2. Beuacse actual physical attacks would lead to the death of too many he believes that aniamsla show fangs and growl for this reason
3. This is ritualized aggression
4. We should understand animal aggression before we can understand human aggression
   (This has to do with the difference in degree) as a darwinian perspective

Question 16

Territoriality:

Answer 16

The tendency to attack space violaters

Question 17

The ethological position is intriguing but has not been supported by human research

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Question 18

Cognitive neoassociation model:

Answer 18

1. Berkowitz
2. Importance of cognitive factors in frustration aggression hypothesis
3. During earlier stages, an aversive event produces a negetiveaffect

Question 19

Zillman excitation transfer theory:

Answer 19

(Based on the assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time

Question 20

Disced aggression theory:

Answer 20

Bushman
wrongdoing occurs when someone is in the wrong place at the wrong time with the worn person, when someone cannot show aggression to one person like a boss they will show it to another

Question 21

Rumination:

Answer 21

Self focused attention toward ones thoughts and feelings

Question 22

Aggressive driving and road rage:

Answer 22

May be displaced aggression

Question 23

Road rage: coined by Roberts and indermaur

Answer 23

defined as an incident in which an angry, impatient, aroused motorist intentionally insures or kills, or trees to injure or kill another motostrs passenger or pedestrian

Question 24

Agressive driving:

Answer 24

usuallt less serious then road rage but results from frustrrtaion and impateientce

Question 25

Who are road ragers?

Answer 25

1. Majority are young (18-35) year old males who have criminal violet history or drug and alcohol problems
2. Although anyone can have road rage they more than likely will already have a record of violent crime

Question 26

Weapons used:

Answer 26

Firearms(37%) or vehicles (35%)
Tire irons 
Jack handles 
Baseball bats 
Hurled projectiles 
Defensie sprays 
Fists 
Feet 

People become more aggressive behind the wheel when there is a gun in the car

Question 27

Precipitating factors of road rage:

Answer 27

1. Domestic violence

54% of women admitted t driving aggressively

62% for aggressive tailgating 
59% fasting headlights 
48% absence gestures 
21% deliberate obscuring of vehicle’s 
16% of viral abise 

Most causal cause is misunderdtsains or other things on their minds

Question 28

Social learning factors of aggression and violence

Answer 28

1. Modeling
2. Types of models
3. Obersavtion models

Question 29

Children learn when

Answer 29

1. Many observations of aggression
2. His or her own aggression is reinforced
3. Often object of aggression

Question 30

Modeling:

Answer 30

Albert banduara says that children learn byxwatchign a model usually a familyvmember teacher or hero

Question 31

Types of models:

Answer 31

1. Member of a subculture
2. Symbolic model provided by media
   
   1. Family members

Question 32

Observation model:

Answer 32

Not everyone will want to do the things or understand the things the model is going therefore they may not become violent because of it, epeecailly if they do not look up to the model

A child or person must either look up to th person or not see them get reprimanded for their behavior. Otherwise they will not follow the violent behavior as much

Question 33

Cognitive models of aggression:

Answer 33

1. Cognitive scripts model (rowell huesmann, social an aggreisebebahvoiro is controlled by cognitive scripts)
2. Hostile atribution bias (Kenneth dodge, youth and adults probe to violence are moe likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile. And threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts

Question 34

Aggressive behavior is simply more direct and easier to use

Answer 34

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