H4 - Plan Wall Systems - LT #2 Flashcards
List four factors that will affect the design of exterior wall studs.
1) Structural requirements
2) Finish material
3) Wall sheathing type
4) Thermal insulation requirements
Why is it not a good idea to leave concealed spaces in the wall frame?
Because insulation s required before installation of sheathing
What are the two purposes of an L-Shaped Corner stud?
Provide backing for wall finishes, & a nailing base for intersecting walls.
What is meant by the nominal size of a door or window
Nominal is the listed size rather than the actual size. For doors, it’s the size of the door & does not include the door jamb.
What is a rough opening for a 30 x 68 in-swing exterior door?
38 1/4 x 71 1/2 (Check chart)
What is the minimum end-bearing for a lintel that spans 12 feet
3”
For 3 m or less it’s 1.5”
For 3 m or more it’s 3”
What does the abbreviation PET stand for?
Precision End Trmmer Stud
What is the minimum size of stud required for an interior wall that supports one floor?
2 x 4
List three installations that backing facilitates
1) Finishes
2) Fixtures
3) Equipment
Over what height of wall are fire stops required?
10 feet
What is the main consideration when renovating interior partition walls?
Determine if the wall is load-bearing.
The three greatest safety concerns when building walls are:
1) Air nailing
2) Lifting
3) walling accidentally falling
Lifting walls in steps can be done by:
Using blocks & sawhorses. Allowing a resting point
Once walls are erected, when must they be braced?
Immediately
Who is it up to in determining that the information meets the current building code requirements?
The carpenter
Before choosing the size & spacing of studs, consideration must first be given to:
The structural requirements, finish materials & type of wall sheathing & thermal insulation requirements
The two criteria used in determining the minimum size & spacing of studs are:
The stud’s unsupported height & the load it will carry.
When is 12” OC used?
When 2x4 exterior studs support 2 floor loads, or 2x6 studs support three floor loads.
What advantages of 16” oc?
Gives better support to drywall & exterior finishes, and allows for more attachment points for cabinets. Thinner sheathing which reduces costs.
What advantages of 24” oc?
Uses less lumber, is quicker to frame & provides a better overall r-value for the wall, helping to meet the heat loss requirements of BC building code.
Why must concealed wall stud spaces be avoided?
So that the full wall can be insulated once the building is weathertight.
What is used to provide solid attachment of the interior wall and provide backing & attachment points for the interior finish?
Partition studs
For a 2x4 interior, a _____ is nailed to a regular wall stud.
A 2 by 6 (go 2 inches bigger )
What is a partition wall alternative?
Building ladder blocking with 2x4 at 24” oc
The rough opening is larger than the actual size of the window/door to allow for:
Shimming, or to level & plumb
Exterior doors are usually hung using a ____ rabbeted jamb
1 1/4” to 1 1/2” to allow for a thicker jamb
The clearance between a door and door jamb is usually
1/8 to 1/4”, allowing a clearance of 1/16th to 1/4 at each side of the door
How much space is adequate for shimming each side of a door jamb?
1/4”
If the rough framing is plumb, can the hinge side of the door jamb be fastened directly to the cripple stud without shims?
Yes, this will leave 1/2” for shimming on the latch side
Does shimming take place at the top of a door jamb?
No, but the bottom may have to be shimmed level
If a door swings out, the threshold design takes up _____ than one for an “in swing” door
Less room
Thick edge of a doorsill is usually 1 1/2” thick, how much allowance is made for the door sweep?
1/2” to 3/4”
The area above doors & windows is known as the
“header space”
The beam above openings is called:
“Lintel”
The depth of a lintel needed for a specific opening depends upon:
the width of the opening & the load supported by the lintel
Lintel spans are listed in the building code, but uniform loads must be sized by:
A registered engineer
What do engineers often use point-loaded lintels and lintels that carry very heavy loads or have long spans?
LVLS
2 x 10 lintels are commonly used, but what is their disadvantage?
Less room for insulation & contributes to shrinkage problems
Lintels within 2x6 walls can either be 2 ply or
3 ply
What can be nailed to the underside of the lintel to support the interior finish?
a 2x6 or a furring strip can be added to the bottom.
When a 3ply 2x10 is too small for combination load & span, what may be needed?
2 x 12s
If the extra height is needed, one or both top plates can be eliminated if:
A single or both top plates can be eliminated if a continuous single top plate or metal strap is used as a tie across the top.
Windows are often “on-size” meaning:
That the opening is framed to the window’s nominal size & the heel size of the window is slightly less to allow for shimming
Walls angled on the top are known as:
Raked walls
The ceiling height is designed to use two full widths of gypsum wallboard as the wall finish. Two full widths measure 8 ft, and an extra 3/4” is added to allow for:
The ceiling board & leave a small gap at the bottom to the sheets to be installed easily
What is a PET?
Precision End Trimmer stud
come in 8,9,10 foot nominal ceiling heights.
Used with a single bottom plate and are 1 1/2” thick
Define Sheathing for exterior walls
Exterior wall sheathing provides support for the exterior finish & acts as a structural bracing
When is sheathing not required?
If wall finish doesn’t require, etc. let-in braces, metal straps or a suitable interior finish are all that’s needed.
Describe lumber sheathing:
Made with rabbets, this is referred to as shiplap, Lumber sheathing is usually made from 2x8 or 2x10 boards resawn to 3/4 thickness
Lumber is sheathing after the walls are stood & braced, why?
Due to the weight of the wall, it would be too heavy to lift
Lumber sheathing is applied at 45 degrees to the plate line, unless
Diagonal bracing is provided within the wall.
Lumber sheathing has what advantages?
1) If applied after the walls are erected, they can be installed in continuous boards from the foundation over the floor levels to the roof level.
2) Lumber sheathing usually shrink a sig. amount this leaves 1/4 to 1/2 gaps providing excellent venting for the wall cavity.
Panel sheaths are staggered row to row, this is known as:
Breaking the joints.
If sheathing is acting as the exterior finish, the panels may be installed:
Their long dimensions vertical
How do interior walls differ from exterior walls?
Wall thickness can be a design, and load bearing can be easily reduced to minimum thickness for max. floor space
What is the order of stud layout for interior walls?
1) Mark openings
2) Mark the corners
3) Mark the intersections
What is a RO for a door?
RO = door with + 2 1/4
BC Code requires a ___ “ clearance under doors for ventilation purposes.
1/2”
The frame of a pocket door is installed during:
The framing of a building
The rough opening of a pocket door is ___ “ wider than twice the door width.
2” wider than twice the door width
The rough opening of a bi-fold door is 1 1/2” wider than the door size on the width to accommodate:
1/2” drywall on each side plus 1/4” for beading & mudding of drywall.
Stair handrails require backing every ___ “ with the top backing approximately ___ “ above the line of nosing
Backing every 48” with the top of the backing approximately 36” above the line of nosing1
What is a standard shelf height?
5’ 8”
Who often installs the backing for plumbing and electrical fixtures?
The plumbing & electrical contractors are often doing it
Toilet & Tub assist bars require very strong support: Use
2 x 8 blocks, minimum and hold them with 3x 31/4 “ nails at each end.
How to add blocking for drapery rods?
Add blocks of 2x10 at each side of the window opening and include backing above the upper rough sill at 48” o.c wider than 4 ft
Wood members that extend from an inside finish to the outside finish of insulated walls create a _________, this gives heat a way of escaping from inside of the building.
Thermal bridge
When are fire stops required?
If the wall is more than 10 ft. in height or if there are open spaces for the fire to enter floors or ceilings.
Renovations are done to interior walls, it must first be determined if ______
The wall is load bearing or not
When toenailing wall studs in place, what is the minimum length of nail that may be used?
4x 63 mm nails
What is the minimum length of nail that may be used to fasten the cripple studs to the adjacent studs?
76 mm @ 750 o.c (3” nails at 30”)
