H12 Flashcards
Body image
The internal representation individuals have of their appearance
Social comparison theory
People feel the need to evaluate themselves through comparison with others
Upward comparison
Mensen die beter zijn
Downward comparison
Mensen die slechter zijn
Social comparison orientation
SCO, the extent to which, and the frequency with which people compare themselves to others
Women with high SCO scores ..
Tend to identify more with other (more) attractive woman and tend to experience more positive feelings and self-evaluations
Self-discrepancy theory
People have 3 possible self images:
1. Actual self
2. Ideal self
3. Ought self
Actual self
Beliefs about the individual in the present
Ideal self
Beliefs from the individual about their hopes
Ought self
Feelings of obligation and responsibility
Feared self
Higgins: The personality that no one wants to become or is even afraid of becoming
What are the 2 theories that explain why depression arises and persists?
- Coping with stress model
- Attribution model of depression
- Coping with stress model
In response to stressful life events, people may exhibit different strategies to cope with the things that happen to them. In general two main coping strategies are used:
- Emotion-focused coping
- Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Where individuals regulate their emotional response to the stressor
Problem-focused coping
Where individuals try to change the source of the stress
- Attributional model of depression
Individuals might become depressed when they attribute negative events to internal, stable and global access.
Attachment theory
Bowbly:
- Securely attached
- Insecure-avoidant attached
- Avoidance attached
Securely attached
Will easily adapt to a strange situation and will quickly feel safe
Insecure-avoidant attached
Makes little distinction between known and unknown people
- Not really focused on the mother
- Comfortable by everyone
Scattered attached
Visibly uncomfortable
- sometimes they ask for comfort, other times they reject the caregiver
Fearful attachment style
Individuals may want intimate relationships with others but avoid them because they are afraid of being hurt
Rejection attachment style
Individuals may genuinely prefer freedom and independence to closeness with others
The social exchange theory
Suggests that individuals form and maintain relationships based on reciprocity in costs and rewards
