H&N 8: Pharnyx Flashcards

1
Q

Where does pharynx extend from?

A

cranial base to lower border of cricoid cartilage where it becomes continuous with oesophagus.

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2
Q

What is pharynx?

A
  • mucosa lined muscular tube lying behind + communicating with nasal, oral + laryngeal cavities
  • part of digestive + resp system
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3
Q

Where is opening of cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube?

A

between base of skull + pharynx

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4
Q

What is function of soft palate?

A
  • sep oral from nasal cavity

- when swallow, raised against pharyngeal wall + blocks off nasal cavity so can’t breathe + swallow at same time

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5
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

lymphoid tissue between roof of mouth, palatine tonsil + back of tongue + is protective

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6
Q

What does larynx do during swallowing?

A

moves up + forwards to get out of the way

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7
Q

What prevents food entering larynx?

A

vocal + vestibular folds close to form sphincter

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8
Q

What helps food + fluid get down into oesophagus?

A

epiglottis gets pulled under tongue which creates conduit

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9
Q

Where does nasopharynx lie?

A

above the soft palate and behind the nares

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10
Q

What is floor of nasopharynx formed by?

A

soft palate which is elevated during swallowing

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11
Q

What forms major part of post. wall of nasopharynx?

A

sup. constrictor

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12
Q

What is on the lat. wall of nasopharynx?

A
  • opening of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

- behind it lies a small mass of lymphoid tissue.

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13
Q

What is in roof of nasopharynx?

A

more lymphoid tissue, the adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil.

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14
Q

Where does oropharynx lie?

A

beneath soft palate and communicates anteriorly with the oral cavity.

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15
Q

How is oropharynx sep from nasopharynx?

A

by the raising of the soft palate.

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16
Q

What lies ant. in oropharynx?

A
  • palatoglossal + palatopharyngeal arches

- palatine tonsil in space between them

17
Q

What is palatine tonsil supplied by + sig?

A

lingual, ascending pharyngeal + lesser palatine which anastomose freely in the tonsil + therefore haemorrhaging poses a threat during tonsillectomy.

18
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

that part lying adjacent to the larynx projecting upwards into the pharynx

19
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx end?

A

at C6 by funnelling into the oesophagus

20
Q

Which system does pharynx belong to?

A

digestive system even though air passes through it.

21
Q

List 4 layers of phaynx

A
  1. Mucosal coat
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscular coat
  4. Areolar coat
22
Q

What is the submucosa?

A
  • contains a tough fibrous coat which anchors the pharynx to the base of the skull
  • pharyngeal muscles attach to tubercle on basiocciput
23
Q

What is muscular coat?

A

5 pairs of muscles (sup., middle + inf. constrictor) which form an outer semicircular layer and two inner longitudinal muscles

24
Q

What is areolar coat?

A

covers the exterior of the pharynx termed the

buccopharyngeal fascia.

25
Q

List muscles of pharynx

A
  • sup., middle + inf. constrictor
26
Q

What is function of constrictor muscles?

A

During swallowing, the muscles contract sequentially as peristaltic waves

27
Q

What is nerve supply to constrictor muscles?

A

vagus nerve with motor fibres contributed by the cranial part of accessory

28
Q

Where does palatopharygeus arise + insert?

A
  • from palatal aponeurosis + auditory tube.

- passes inferiorly to insert into posterolat part of pharynx + also post. part of hyoid bone + thyroid cartilage

29
Q

What is course of stylopharyngeus?

A

originates from styloid process + passes inferomedially through gap between sup. + middle constrictors + enters pharynx where its fibres mingle with palatopharyngeus + insert in a similar fashion.

30
Q

What are + is function of long. muscles?

A

palatopharyngeus + stylopharyngeus - raise pharynx + larynx during swallowing

31
Q

Where is raphe along constrictor muscles attached?

A

to tubercle at base of skull

32
Q

Where does sup. constrictor arise?

A
  • post. part of raphe + buccinator attaches to ant. part
33
Q

Where does middle constrictor arise?

A

hyoid bone

34
Q

Where does inf. constrictor arise?

A

thyroid + cricoid cartilage

35
Q

What is motor supply to pharyngeal muscles?

A

all except stylopharyngeus supplied by pharyngeal branches of vagus
- stylopharyngeus supplied by glossopharyngeal

36
Q

What is sensory supply to pharynx?

A
  • glossopharyngeal nerve is main sensory supply
  • V2 supplies soft palate + roof of pharynx
  • vagus supplies area around pharyngeal inlet
37
Q

What is blood supply to pharynx?

A
  • ascending pharyngeal + sup. thyroid (branches of ext. carotid)
  • inf. thyroid (branch of subclavian)
  • facial + maxillary arteries
  • provide rich anastamosis
38
Q

What is venous drainage of pharynx?

A

veins form plexus + communicate with pterygoid plexus - deep to mandible

39
Q

Describe lymphatic drainage of pharynx

A
  • many lymph vessels pass to deep cervical lymph nodes
  • some post. ones enter retropharyngeal nodes which lie between prevert + buccopharyngeal fasciae
  • lymph nodes track back into jugulo-digastric nodes
  • ant. nodes drain into jugulo-omo-hyoid node