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H&N > H&N 2: Skull & Intracranial Region > Flashcards

H&N 2: Skull & Intracranial Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cranium?

A

Protects the brain and sensory organs

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2
Q

Which 2 parts form the cranium?

A
  1. Neurocranium

2. Viscerocranium

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3
Q

What is the neurocranium made up of?

A
  • skull cap (calvaria)
  • basicranium
  • intracranial region inner surface of the base of the skull
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4
Q

What is the basicranium?

A
  • when you remove the brain and turn the skull upside down
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5
Q

What is the intracranial region?

A
  • skull when brain is removed
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6
Q

List the bones the neurocranium is made up of

A 
Singular bones:
1. Frontal 
2. Ethmoidal 
3. Sphenoidal
4. Occipital 
Paired bones:
5. Temporal 
6. Parietal
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7
Q

What does the viscerocranium comprise of?

A
  • facial bones in the ant. part of the cranium:
  • bones surrounding mouth, forming the upper and lower jaws
  • nose, nasal cavity + orbit
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8
Q

List the bones of the viscerocranium

A 
Singular:
- mandible
- vomer 
Paired:
- maxillae 
- inf. nasal conchae (aka turbinates)
- zygomatic 
- palatine 
- nasal 
- lacrimal
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9
Q

What is the function of nasal tubrinates?

A

circ air and warms it up

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10
Q

Which bone is sup. + middle nasal conchae part of?

A

Ethmoid

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11
Q

Which joint is the only moveable joint of the cranium?

A

temporomandibular joint with articulates with the cranial base

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12
Q

Which bones form the nasal septum?

A
  • perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

- vomer

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13
Q

What is the sig of the pterion?

A
  • v. fragile area where all bones join together
  • skull thin around temples around the pterion and middle meningeal artery which can lead to fatal injury as a result of trauma
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14
Q

List the cranial bones

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Ethmoid
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15
Q

What is the frontal bone?

A
  • forms part of top of head, forehead and the roof of the orbits
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16
Q

What is the parietal bone?

A
  • div approx. mid-sagitally

- forms lat. walls and roof of cranium

17
Q

What is the occipital bone?

A
  • reps post. region of skull
18
Q

What are the temporal bones?

A
  • form inf. lat. walls + part of floor of the cranium
19
Q

What is the sphenoid bone?

A
  • shaped like a butterfly/bat
  • unites with the cranial (neurocranium) and facial (viscerocranium) bones
  • articulates with every other cranial bone + palatine, zygomatic, maxillae + vomer
20
Q

What is the ethmoid bone?

A
  • pos between the orbits
  • forms anteromedial floor of cranium
  • roof of nasal cavity
  • part of medial wall of each orbit
  • part of nasal septum
21
Q

What is the body of the sphenoid bone like?

A
  • air-filled
22
Q

List the facial bones

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Palatine
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Lacrimal
  5. Nasal
  6. Vomer
  7. Inf. nasal conchae
  8. Mandible
23
Q

What is the maxilla?

A
  • forms central part of facial skeleton

- both unite to form upper jaw supporting the upper teeth

24
Q

What are the palatine bones?

A
  • small bones with a distinct L shape

- form part of the hard palate, nasal cavity + eye orbit

25
Q

What are the zygomatic bones?

A
  • cheekbones

- form part of the lat. wall of each orbit and the cheeks

26
Q

What are the lacrimal bones?

A
  • smallest bones in the skull
  • form part of the medial wall of each orbit
  • have a groove that provides a passageway for each tear duct which drains tears into the nasal cavity
27
Q

What are the nasal bones?

A
  • form the bridge of the nose

- lat. side articulates with the medial edge of the maxilla - often fractured by blows to the nose

28
Q

What is the vomer?

A
  • forms inf. post. part of nasal septum
  • art along its midline with both maxilla and palatine bones
  • its wings art sup. with sphenoid bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid forming together the bony nasal septum
29
Q

What is the inf. nasal conchae?

A
  • in lat. wall of nasal cavity
  • help create turbulence in inhaled air
  • has sup. + middle counterparts that are part of the ethmoid bone (but these are sep bones)
30
Q

What is the mandible?

A
  • forms entire lower jaw
  • supports lower teeth
  • provides attachment for muscles of mastication
31
Q

What are the skull air sinuses?

A
  • spaces that containing air + mucus which drains through them + out of nose
32
Q

List the 4 main pairs of sinus cavities in the skull

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Maxillary
33
Q

What is the sig of infection in skull air sinuses?

A
  • infection in frontal, ethmoid + sphenoid drain down bc of gravity
  • but infection in maxillary drains against gravity - need antibiotics to clear infection

H&N (10 decks)

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