H&N 1: Anatomy Intro Flashcards
How many units of movement is there of the cervical vertebrae and give its constituents?
- 2 units:
1. Skull, C1 & C2
2. C3-C7
What is the vert artery a branch of and where does it go through?
- R subclavian
- goes through foramen transversarium of cervical vert
What is the TMJ and its function?
- synovial joint between base of skull and mandible
- open mouth and chew
What is the function of the foramina in the skull?
- nerves + vessels come through
What is tentorium cerebelli?
- fold of dura mater
What is the cervical plexus formed by?
- ant. fibres of spinal cord
List the sensory and fibres of the cervical plexus
- sensory:
- lesser occipital
- great auricular
- transverse cervical
- supraclavicular
- phrenic nerve
List the motor fibres of the cervical plexus
- sup. + inf. root of ansa cervicalis
What cervical spinal nerves make up the phrenic nerve?
- C3-5
What supplies the brachial plexus and what does it supply?
- lower cervical spinal nerves
- supplies upper limb
List the no.s + names of cranial nerves
I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducent VII - Facial VIII - Vestibulocochlear IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal
Give the functions of cranial nerves I-IV
- olfactory comes through cribiform plate to top of nose for smell
- optic comes through optic canal into eye for vision
- oculomotor - supplies some muscle that moves the eye
- trochlear supplies sup. oblique muscle that goes through pulley towards eye
Give the functions of cranial nerves V-VIII
- trigeminal has 3 parts sensory to:
1. orbit
2. maxillar
3. mandible - motor fibres supply masticatory muscles
- abducent supplies muscle that abducts eye (moves away from mid-line)
- facial comes through int. auditory meatus and gives motor supply to muscles of face, sensory fibres to tongue and para-secretomotor fibres for secretion of glands
- vestibulocochlear supply vestibule (for balance) and cochlear (for hearing)
Give the functions of cranial nerves IX-XII
- glossopharyngeal supply tongue and pharynx
- vagus gives para, sensory + motor fibres to larynx + sensory fibres for taste in back of pharynx
- accessory joins vagus
- hypoglossal supply muscles of tongue from underneath
What is special about the trochlear nerve?
- v. thin
- comes off opp side of brain to other nerves
What does fibres does the facial nerve give off and supply?
- gives taste fibres to tongue and palate region
- gives postgang para fibres to lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular glands
Name the para gang of facial nerve and what they supply
- ptergopalatine gang gives postgang para fibres to lacrimal gland
- submandibular gang gives postgand para fibres to submandibular + sublingual glands
- geniculate gang gives off motor branch which supplies muscles of face
What are the facial muscles important for?
- function & facial expression
What is the function of the layers of the scalp?
- protect brain
What type of secretions do the parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands secrete?
- parotid: serous gland (watery)
- sublingual: mucus
- submandibular: mixed
Name the salivary glands
- sublingual
- submandibular
What is the function of sup. nasal concha?
- create turbulence in the air to clean it up
What is sig about the opening of the maxillary sinus?
- quite high so fluid can build up in resp infection
What is the epiglottis?
- laryngeal cartilage
What does int. + ext. carotid arteries supply?
- ext. carotid: supplying face
- int. carotid: supply brain
What is sig about ext. jugular vein?
- bigger/in duplicate
What is sig about R int. jugular vein?
- larger than L
What is missing from veins in head and neck?
- no valves so gravity helps with direction of flow in upright pos
Where do valves begin in head and neck?
- at bottom of int. jugular
Describe the parts of the accessory nerve
- spinal and cervical part
- spinal part supplies SCM + trapezius
- cranial part comes up through foramen magnum and goes out with IX + X
Where does sound and articulation come from?
- sound from larynx
- ## articulation from mouth and tongue
Where does air and food go down?
- air goes down trachea
- food goes down oesophagus
