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H&N > H&N 3: Cranial Nerve Overview #1 > Flashcards

H&N 3: Cranial Nerve Overview #1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the cranial nerves

A 
I - Olfactory
II - Optic 
III - Oculomotor 
IV - Trochlear 
V - Trigeminal 
VI - Abducens 
VII - Facial 
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal 
X - Vagus 
XI - Accessory 
XII - Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Where do sensory fibres carry and take info?

A
  • through peripheral branch into DRG

- then through central branch to dorsal horn

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3
Q

What is function of dorsal root entry zone?

A
  • afferent
  • receives sensory info from periphery dep on type of info e.g. pain, proprioception etc to higher centres through thalamus
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4
Q

What is function of ant. grey horn?

A

receives motor info from periphery

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5
Q

What is contained in DRG?

A

Sensory cell bodies

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6
Q

How can you perform actions?

A
  • cell bodies in cerebral cortex in brain + corticospinal tract form many fibres from motor cortex going down to synapse at ventral horn of spinal cord
  • then fibres go to muscles for movement
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7
Q

What are the fibres in the head and neck?

A
  • corticobulbar

- motor fibres synapsing on motor nuclei in brain stem of cranial nerves

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8
Q

What type of fibres are motor + sensory?

A
  • sensory: asc + dorsal

- motor: desc + ventral

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9
Q

What links the CNS to the periphery?

A
  • cranial & spinal nerves
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10
Q

What do cranial & spinal nerves attach to?

A
  • cranial nerves attach to forebrain + brain stem

- spinal nerves attach to spinal cord

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11
Q

What are the features of cranial nerves?

A
  • ganglia
  • no synapses
  • no DRG but gang of particular cranial nerve e.g. trigeminal ganglia
  • have sensory/motor nuclei
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12
Q

Where are I-IV located?

A
  • ant. portion of the brain

- III from front of pons

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13
Q

Where are V-VII arise?

A
  • pons
  • V from middle
  • VI from back
  • VII + VIII from cortico-pontine angle
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14
Q

Where does VIII arise and go?

A

inner ear and goes to pons

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15
Q

Where does IX-XII attach?

A
  • medulla oblongata

- XII from pyramid

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16
Q

What do asc + desc fibres of pons pass through?

A
  • cortico-pontine angle
17
Q

What comes down the pyramid?

A

big cortico-spinal trunk

18
Q

What is optic chiasm?

A

where optic nerves cross over

19
Q

Describe 1st + 2nd order neurones

A
  • synapse in CNS

- then sensory afferent in PNS

20
Q

Describe skeletomotor neurones

A
  • cell bodies in CNS

- then somatic efferent (motor) to muscles

21
Q

Describe pre + postgang neurones

A
  • synapse in CNS + PNS

- then somatic (visceral) to glands

22
Q

List special sensory/afferent only cranial nerves

A

I, II, VIII

23
Q

List efferent/motor only cranial nerves

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

24
Q

List afferent/efferent cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X

25
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves have auto component?

A
  • III, VII, IX, X

- carry ‘cranial’ part of craniosacral auto/para outflow from CNS

26
Q

What is functional component of cranial nerves?

A
  • chewing + swallowing (tasting + smelling)
  • talking
  • looking
  • non-verbal comm (facial expression)
  • hearing
27
Q

Which areas give sensation by cranial nerves?

A
  • cutaneous: scalp, face + neck
  • non-cutaneous: oral cavity (mucosa, teeth + tongue), cornea, nasal cavity + paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, tympanic mem
  • articular: TMJ, cervical vert, atlantoocipital joint
28
Q

Which areas do cranial nerves give motor supply?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • muscles of mastication
  • extra-ocular muscles
  • muscles of tongue
  • muscles of pharynx + larynx
  • cervical muscles
29
Q

What auto supply do cranial nerves also supply?

A

carry auto supply of glands + smooth muscle in ehead + neck

30
Q

Which reflexes are cranial nerves involved in?

A
  • visual (pupillary, blink, accomm)
  • auditory
  • swallowing
  • gagging, vom
  • sneezing, coughing
31
Q

List functions of I-III

A

I - sensory fibres to nose for smell
II - sensory fibres to eye for visual acuity, visual fields + ocular fundi
II, III - Pupillary reactions

32
Q

Which nerves are involved in extra-ocular movements inc opening eyes?

A

III, IV, VI

33
Q

What is function of V?

A
  • sensory supply to face for facial sensation
  • sensory supply for movements of jaw
  • corneal reflexes
  • motor supply to muscles of mastication
34
Q

What are functions of VII + VIII?

A

VII - facial movements + gustation (ant. 2/3 tongue)

VIII - hearing + balance

35
Q

What are functions of IX + X?

A
  • swallowing
  • elevation of palate
  • gag reflex
  • gustation (post. 1/3 tongue)

H&N (10 decks)

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