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Orthodontics > Growth and Orthodontics > Flashcards

Growth and Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

With growth how does the head shape change and in which direction?

A

the face grows relative to the skull

Face grows mainly in height then and SP direction and least in width

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2
Q

Which jaw grows more in the A-P direction? Who did these studies?

A

the lower jaw grows more in the AP direction BUT there is wide variation
Bjork

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3
Q

How much does the ANB angle change by?

A

1 degree between ages 11-20

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4
Q

What types of pattern of growth occur in the head?

A

intramembranous

enchondrolal

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5
Q

Which bones grow via enchondral ossification and which are intramem?

A

Enchondral,: cranial base and mandibular condyle (condylar is fibrocartilage)
Intramembranous: all other bones

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6
Q

How can you restrain the maxilla?

A

head gear and functional

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7
Q

how can you restrain forward growth of the mandible?

A

you cant!

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8
Q

What are the two growth rotations that can occur?

A

forward and backward

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9
Q

How is growth controlled?

A

mainly genetic but some environmental

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10
Q

Which growth curves can be used to monitor facial growth?

A

tanner growth curves can be used to monitor stature which parallels facial growth

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11
Q

what happens to growth during puberty?

A

pubertal growth spurt, velocity increases again

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12
Q

When is the pubertal growth spurt in females?

A

12 years

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13
Q

when is the pubertal growth spurt in boys?

A

14 years

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14
Q

what is the standard deviation on the pubertal growth spurt ages?

A

2 years

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15
Q

when does the growth stop in girls?

A

16 years

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16
Q

when does growth stop in males?

A

18 years

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17
Q

what is the standard deveiation for the growth stop?

A

2 years

18
Q

Can skeletal pattern be predicted?

A
  1. Not very reliably

2. Can assume that everyone grows more class 3 with age

19
Q

Can the pubertal growth spurt be predicted?

A

No

Can predict the average age of growth spurt but can see what is happening

20
Q

Can orthodontic treatment influence growth?

A

A little bit

21
Q

What appliances can we use to influence the maxillary growth?

A

Head gear and functionals

22
Q

What appliances are used to enhance the growth of mandible?

A

Functionals

1-2mm

23
Q

T/F

There is nothin to restrain the growth of the mandible?

A

T

24
Q

What can you use to increase anterior maxillary growth?

A

Reverse head gear

25
Q

What is the significance of growth rotations?

A

Late incisor crowding

26
Q

What is the clinical significance of growth in ortho?

A
  1. Unpredictable change in growth can affect treatment
  2. Excessive vertical growth can lead to AOB
  3. Treat class 3 cases later and treat class 2 earlier
  4. Growth helps to reduce overbites
  5. Growth essential for spontaneous alignment and space closure following extractions
  6. Orthognathic surgery should be after growth stops
  7. Implants placed once growth stopped
    8.
27
Q

How can you predict growth?

A

Tanner growth curves

28
Q

What do tanner growth curves show?

A

Used to monitor stature which parallels facial growth

29
Q

What does the head consist of?

A

The cranium and the face

30
Q

Up until what age does the intercanine width increase?

A

Until age 10

31
Q

T/F during growth the ANB angle gets larger?

A 
F
Because everyone becomes more class 3
32
Q

By how much does the ANB angle reduce?

A

Between ages 11-20 it reduces by 1 degree plus or minus 2,5

33
Q

What percentage of people will becomes more class 3 and class 2 and by how much?

A

15% by more than 3.5 degrees

5% by more than 6 degrees

34
Q

What are the stages to mandibular growth ?

A

Intramembranous and secondary cartilage forms
Condylar cartilage is an example of this
Later growth and remodelling due to Intramembranous

35
Q

T/F periosteal growth can be influenced by pressure and tension?

A

T

36
Q

When is growth fastest?

A

In utero

37
Q

What happens between birth and puberty?

A

Decrease in velocity

38
Q

What happens to growth during puberty?

A

Reversal of the decreased velocity and during pubertal growth spurt and then there is a rapid decline

39
Q

T/F most people will have a jaw relationship that remains the same with growth?

A

T

But some will have significant changs

40
Q

What are the possible environmental changes that will affect frowth?

A

Nutrition: softer food
Mouth breathing: small effect on growth
Bottle feeding: no affect
Jaw tongue and lip exercises no affect

41
Q

T/F you can tell when the pubertal growth spirt is happening?

A

T

Orthodontics (28 decks)

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