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Orthodontics > Fixed Appliances > Flashcards

Fixed Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fixed appliance?

A

An appliance that cannot be removed by the patients

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2
Q

T/F

FA are capable of more movements than RA?

A

T

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3
Q

How do FA move teeth? and how is this done?

A

they create a force couple to the crown which is created by the interaction of the wire with the bracket slot

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4
Q

Which direction of forces creates an force couple?

A

equal forces in opposite direction

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5
Q

What is the advantage of creating a force couple?

A

this allows greater control and more precise control of the direction of tooth movement

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6
Q

Which components are needed to create the forces to move teeth?

A

brackets
archwires
auxillaries

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7
Q

What materials are archwires made from?

A 
Ni-Ti
Stainless Steel
Gold
CoCr
Titanium Molybdenum alloy
Aesthetic
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8
Q

What x sections can arch wires come in?

A

round or rectangular

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9
Q

What are the ideal properties of archwires used in the alignment phase?

A 
large spring back
low stiffness
high stored energy
biocomp
low surface friction
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10
Q

WHat are the ideal properties of archwires used in the working phase?

A

high stiffness
low stored energy
Biocomp
Low surface friction

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11
Q

In the alignment and levelling phase which shape archwires are generally used?

A

NiTi round/rec

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12
Q

In the working and finishing phases of tooth movement, which shape arch wires are used?

A

stainless steel rectangular/round

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13
Q

What brackets are available?

A

stainless steel, ceramic, plastic

twin and self ligating

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14
Q

Which auxiliary components are used?

A

NiTi springs
elastomeric chain
bands

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15
Q

Which wires round or rectangular create more force and why?

A

rectangular

the closer the archwire fits the bracket, the more force created

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16
Q

What is the width of the bracket slot for the edgeiwse bracket? What is the consequence of having a wide or narrow bracket?

A

0.018/0.022’’
Wide bracket : reduces the inter bracket wire span and therefore the wire is less flexible. This is however more efficient for de rotation and mesiodistal control

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17
Q

What is the depth of the bracket slot in the edgewise bracket?

A

0.025/0.032’’

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18
Q

What types of movements can FA perform?

A

DTB
Derotation
Torque
Bodily (centre line correction, space closire, overjet reduction, intrusion and extrusion)

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19
Q

What is torquing?

A

movement of the root apex bucco-lingually +/_ crown

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20
Q

Which shape arch wire is needed for torquing movements?

A

rectangular

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21
Q

What was the straight wire appliance developed on?

A 
andrews 6 keys to normal occlusion (1972)
correct molar relationship
correct crown angulation
correct crown inclination
no spaces
no rotations
flat occlusal plane
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22
Q

What are examples of FA?

A

pre adjusted edgewise appliances

  1. straight wire
  2. self ligating eg Damon
23
Q

What is different about the straight wire system compared to other systems?

A

the brackets incorporate measurements from those of perfect occlusion therefore simplifies the wires used as before needed to pre bend the wires

3D control over tooth movements via the bracket design

24
Q

WHat is special about the self ligating appliances?

A

no elastic ligatures which means less pressure is exerted onto the tooth
BUT the wire is not held in intimate contact with the tooth so less control over tooth movement

NO elastics - OH is better and the Damon system is thought to be quicker than traditional orthodontic methods

25
Q

What are the features of brackets?

A

tie wings
bracket base
disto gingival marker
arch wire slot

26
Q

What are the three types of movements the straight wire system can perform?

A

First order
second order
third order

27
Q

What type of movement is first order?

A

labio-lingual (inout)

28
Q

What type of movement is second order?

A

mesio-distal tip (crown angulation)

29
Q

What type of movement is third order?

A

inclination/torque

30
Q

How is first order movement controlled?

A

variation in the thickness of the bracket base

31
Q

What does the thickness of the bracket base for first order movement take into account?

A

the variation of thickness of the bucco-lingual dimension on the tooth, from the labial surface of the tooth to the contact points

32
Q

How is tip/angulation incorporated into the bracket design?

A

this is second order
optimal mesio-distal angulation of each tooth crown relative to the occlusal plane
tooth tip is greatest for canines
Angulation of the arch wire slot

33
Q

How is third order incorporated in to the bracket design?

A

the angle the bracket base makes with with the bracket slot

34
Q

For which teeth does the gingival portion lie labially to the occlusal portion?

A

all except upper incisors

35
Q

Which bracket bases are curved and which bracket bases are flat?

A

curved: canines and premolars
flat: incisors

36
Q

What is special about the lower incisor brackets?

A

they are chamfered to avoid the bite

37
Q

Where must the bracket be placed?

A

in the middle of the labial face of the tooth

38
Q

WHat advice should you give to patients once they have had the brackets and wires placed?

A

OHI
Pain
breakages
Diet

39
Q

What are the five phases of FA treatment?

A 
Levelling and Alignment
Overbite
Overjet
SPace closure
Finishing
40
Q

What size and maerial wire is needed for the levelling and alignemnt phase?

A

0.012, 0.014, 0.016., 0.018 NiTi

ROund

41
Q

What shape, size amd material wire is needed for overbite reduction?

A

0.019 x 0.025

SS round or rectangular

42
Q

What effect does the wire have during the overbte reduction phase?

A

it leads to relative intrusion where the incirsors are held still and eruption of the molars and vertical growth of the face around teeth

43
Q

Which wire is needed for overjet reduction?

A

large
rigid
rectangular wire (0.019 x 0.025)
SS

44
Q

Which type of wire is needed for space closure?

A

large
rigid
stainless steel/rectangular

0.019 x 0.025

45
Q

what type of wire is needed for finishing?

A

small diameter
thin round
stainless steel

46
Q

What are the problems with FA?

A 
Appliance related (gingival inflammation, decalcification, root resorption, soft tissue trauma)
Patient related (attendance, breakages, OH, compliance)
47
Q

How much root resprtion will occur on a 2 year ortho course?

A

around 1mm

48
Q

What is the percentage of Nickel and Titanium in NiTi?

A

Nickel: 50%
Ti: 50%

49
Q

What materials are in SS wires?

A

Chromium

Nickel

50
Q

What are the three types of fixed appliances?

A

pre-adjusted appliance
Tip Edge appliance
Self ligating system

51
Q

What are the advantages of pre-adjusted appliances?

A

no longer need to put bends in the wires as the movements are incoroparated into the bracket design

52
Q

What is the disadvantage of using pre-adjusted appliances?

A

need very precise positioning of the brackets

53
Q

What is the tip edge appliance?

A

allows tipping of the tooth in the initial stages of treatment with the use of round wires then when rectangular wires are used in later stages still have good control over tooth movement this system also uses preadjusted appliances

54
Q

What is the advantage of selfligating system?

A

eg damon appliance
less friction created as there are no modules needed to hold wire in place

this means overall treatment time maybe reduced

Orthodontics (28 decks)

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