Group dynamics Flashcards
What are group dynamics ?
- A team are more than just a group of individuals
- These individuals work together to achieve a goal and they may have to perform different functions
What characteristics do a team have ?
A collective identity = The team can be recognised easily due to a strong affiliation. Team has a strong sense of pride.
Interaction = Team members work on their own role whilst linking their role to other members on the team.
Communication = Individual players on the team should talk to each other verbally and non-verbally
Shared goal or purpose = The prospect of achieving success is what often keeps players in the team and working hard for each other.
What are the stages of group formation ?
Tuckerman = When a team forms as characteristics begin to develop to become a successful unit.
- Forming
- The group beings to get to know each other as individuals
- Looking at the strengths of individuals compared to others strengths in the group - Storming
- Potential conflict when individuals are competing against others to establish their place on the team
- e.g. Two players wanting to play the same position - Norming
- After conflicts are resolved, team starts to settle
- Everyone has the same intentions of reaching the same goals
- Group standards are accepted which means team cohesion is established - Performing
- Players are now interacting and working together
- Roles are understood - Mourning
- occurs when goals have been achieved
- team may breakup due to losing old players and gaining new players
Why does the length of creating a successful team vary ?
- Size of the group
- Difficulty of the task
- Experience of the players
What does cohesion mean in sports ?
- The tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals
- A force that keeps group members on task
- Needed for the team to meet their aims
What is Co-action ?
- When a group work together to produce results
- In some spotrs, different players have different roles and they must ensure that this role is integrated within the roles of team mates
What are Carron’s antecedents ?
Factors that affect a team’s dynamics.
Environmental factors:
- Size of the group
- The more time together, the more understanding of each others roles
- larger group = decreased motivation
Team factors:
- The more success achieved, the more the team wants to be successful
- Learning from wins and losses will result in doing better in future games
Personal factors:
- If the group have similar aspiration they will do better
- Leads to teammates being happy with their role
Leadership factors:
- The leadership style is chosen by coach or captain
- important for the coaches to establish good relationships with all players
What is task cohesion ?
Looks at the end result and involves every player working together to achieve a goal
What is social cohesion ?
Looks at the interaction of the individuals in the team and how they work with eachother
What was Stecher’s theory on group dynamics ?
Proposed that the results of group efforts are based on:
Actual productivity: Looks at the performance of the team at the end of the game. Essentially the result (win, lose or draw)
The potential productivity: The teams best possible outcome that would happen is everything went perfectly
What 2 things odes the faulty process look at ?
Co-ordination problems:
- occur when team don’t listen to instruction
- or using the wrong tactics
Motivation problems:
- occur when players suffer from too much or too little arousal
- losing the drive to win
- Also could occur if the player feels undervalued in a team and their efforts aren’t recognised
What is social loafing ?
- The loss of motivation in individuals within the team due to a lack of performance identification
- Happens if a player feels undervalued by a coach and their efforts aren’t recognised
What are the causes for social loafing ?
- low confidence
- sub-groups/ cliques
- negative attitudes
- low fitness
What is the ringelman effect ?
- Study of tug of war found that individual effort within the group reduced if group size got bigger
- Individuals tried harder on the rope pull when their efforts where highlighted
How can social loafing be avoided ?
- Recognise and reward players efforts
- Use of statistics
- Introduce SMART goals
- Video analysis
- Variation in practices
