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Anatomy > gross anatomy dental school ch 1 &2 > Flashcards

gross anatomy dental school ch 1 &2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a Synovial joint?

A

Articular cavity, Articular capsule, Hyaline cartilage, Synovial fluid

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2
Q

What does the Articular capsule include?

A

fibrous outer layer and synovial inner layer

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3
Q

what does the fibrous layer do? synovial layer?

A

Fibrous- stabilizes the joint, Synovial produces synovial fluid

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4
Q

additional “optional” characteristics of synovial joints

A

bursae, tendon sheaths, different ligaments, articular discs, fat pads,

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5
Q

Plane joint

A

one axis, gliding movements( acromioclavicular jt)

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6
Q

hinge joint

A

one axis, ( elbow)

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7
Q

pivot joint

A

one axis, passes longitudinally along axis of bone( atlanto- axial joint)

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8
Q

bicondylar joint

A

one axis and a little of another, ( knee jt.)

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9
Q

condylar

A

2 axis that are right angle to each other (wrist)

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10
Q

saddle joint

A

2 axis, saddle shaped ( metacarpal-phalangeal jt)

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11
Q

ball and socket

A

multiple axis, ( hip joint)

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12
Q

Solid joints

A

fibrous, and cartilagenous

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13
Q

fibrous joints

A

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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14
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphesis

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15
Q

give an example of synchondroses

A

growing plate along long bone, Synchondroses eventually become ossified

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16
Q

Hypaxial vs epaxial muscles

A

Hypaxial is in front of spinal cord, epaxial is back

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17
Q

motor and sensory neurons

A

motor develop from cells within the spinal cord, sensory from neural crest cells

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18
Q

GSA’s

A

General somatic afferents. Carry sensory from periphery into CNS

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19
Q

GSE’s

A

General Somatic Efferents. Carry information back out to muscles

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20
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal cord level

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21
Q

Myotome

A

area of skeletal muscle supplied by spinal nerve

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22
Q

visceral motor fibers

A

contain preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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23
Q

name the cranial nerves associated with visceral components

A

3,7,9,10

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24
Q

spinal cord areas associated with visceral components

A

T1-L2, S2-S4

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25
Sympathetic system ( thoracolumbar)
visceral components are T1-L2. Innervates structures in the peripheral body regions and viscera
26
Parasympathetic system ( cranial sacral)
visceral motor components in cranial and sacral regions. Restricted to viscera
27
What region of the spinal cord is called the white ramus
anterior roots of T1-L2. its white due to the myelination
28
pathway 1 of preganglionic sympathetic fibers
white ramus, gray ramus, straight lateral to target
29
pathway 2
travel through paravertebral sympathetic trunk
30
pathway 3
pathway of thoracic and cervical viscera. join other fibers and form plexuses. T1-T5 mainly innervate cranial, cervical, and thoracic viscera.
31
pathway 4
sympathetic innervation of abdomen and pelvic regions and the adrenals. These join other fibers to form splanchic nerves and form plexuses around the roots of the major arteries from the aorta. The adrenal fibers have no synapse. they take a direct shot. These fibers are derived from T5-L2
32
parasympathetic fibers | cranial sacral
CN 3,7,9,10 carry to head and neck. 10 also carries to abdominal viscera. S2-S4 innervate abdominal and pelvic viscera
33
visceral vs somatic fibers
Visceral- pre and post ganglionic fibers | Somatic- straight shot
34
Enteric system organization
myenteric & submucous nerve plexuses interconnect . They control peristalsis, secremotor activity and vascular tone. These occur independently of the brain
35
Somatic plexuses
from anterior rami of spinal nerves. Cervical ( C1-C4),lumbar( L1-L4), Sacral (L4-S4), coccygeal( S5-C0)
36
visceral plexuses
efferent and afferent, include cardiac, pulmonary, prevertebral plexuses
37
t/f, there are more neurons in the enteric system then the spinal cord?
true
38
what jt. type are intervertebral disc
sympheses
39
name some landmarks of a typical vertebrae
laminae, pedicels, transverse processes, articular surfaces
40
purposes for vertebral projections
muscle attachment, levers for actions of muscles, articulation with other vertebrae
41
innervation of extrinsic muscles of back
by anterior rami of spinal nerves. Involve movements of upper limbs and thoracic wall
42
intrinsic muscles
innervated by posterior rami. Involve supporting the column and head movement
43
3 meningeal types
pia mater( directly on cord) arachnoid mater, dura mater
44
extradural space
between dura mater and vertebra which has fat and loose connective tissue
45
how many spinal nerves are there?
31, they emerge from between the pedicels of adjacent vert.
46
Name the pairs
8 cervical pairs ( C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs ( T1-T12), 5 lumbar (L1-L5), 5 sacral (S1-S5) and 1 coccygeal (Co)
47
vertebral body purpose
bares weight, size increase as you go down
48
vertebral arch purpose
protects the spinal cord
49
vertebral canal
the component that holds the spinal cord
50
pedicels
attach arch to body
51
laminae
come together to form the midline
52
superior/ inferior articular processes
link to other vertebra for structure
53
superior/ inferior vertebral notches
form the intervertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae
54
what is the vertebra equation?
C7,T12,L5,S5,Cy4
55
unique things about the cervical vert.
foramen transversium, concave superior surface & convex inferior surface, vertebral foramen is triangle
56
Atlas
lacks body, its body is actually the dens of the axis. Has 2 lateral masses(which articulate with occipital condyles) and posterior/ anterior arch.
57
atlanto-occipital joint
"Yes" joint
58
atlanto-axial joint
"no" joint and has no intervertebral disc
59
what holds the den in place?
transverse ligament of the atlas
60
intervertebral symphesis anatomy
outer annulus fibroses, inner nucleus pulposes
61
zygapophysial joint
between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. Also a synovial joint with capsule
62
cervical zygapophyseal joints
allow flexion/extension
63
thoracic zygapophyseal joints
allow rotation
64
lumbar zygopophyseal joints
somewhat lock with each other which limits flexion and extension
65
whats an uncinated process?
lateral margins are curved between cervical vertebrae which produces a joint
66
anterior longitudinal ligament
attached to base of skull down to sacrum, also attached to vertebral bodies and discs. This reinforces the joints
67
posterior longitudinal ligament
lines posterior surface of vertebral bodies and is anterior to the spinal cord. Its connected to C2 and the tectorial membranne
68
ligamentum flava
interconnect lamina of neighboring vert. Mainly elastic tissue. Part of posterior wall of canal
69
supraspinous ligament
connects C7 to sacrum. Above C7 it becomes the ligamentum nuchae
70
ligamentum nuchae
triangle shape with base attached to external protuberance of occipital bone. It supports the head.
71
function of ligamentum nuchae
limits flexion and helps return head to upright position
72
interspinous ligaments
ligamentum flavum is anterior and supraspinous ligament in posterior. Pass between adjacent spinous processes
73
Superficial group of back muscles
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, Rhomboid major/minor
74
Intermediate group of back muscles
Serratus posterior superior/inferior,
75
deep group of back muscles
splenius capitus and cervicis, erector spinae and transversopinalis, interspinales and intertransversarii
76
functions of thoracolumbar fascia
protects, organizes, seperates deep, superficial, and intermediate groups, attaches to spinous processes of thoracic vert. and angle of ribs
77
spinotranscersales muscles
spiunous processes and ligamentum nuchae upward and laterally. These extend the head back ( these include spleniuss capitis & splecius cervicis)
78
Splenius Capitus
attached to occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
79
splenius cervicis
attached to transverse processes of upper cervical vert.
80
erector spinae muscles
larget of intrinsic back muscles
81
what enters the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
posterior rootlets
82
name the 3 meninges of the spinal cord and brain
dura, arachnoid, pia maters
83
where does the arachnoid mater end
S2, thus terminating the subarachnoid space
84
what is the denticulate ligament
sheet of pia mater that extends laterally. Functions as a holder for the spinal cord
85
what makes a spinal nerve?
jointing of posterior and anterior roots

Anatomy (13 decks)

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