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Anatomy > gross anatomy dental school ch 1 &2 > Flashcards

gross anatomy dental school ch 1 &2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a Synovial joint?

A

Articular cavity, Articular capsule, Hyaline cartilage, Synovial fluid

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2
Q

What does the Articular capsule include?

A

fibrous outer layer and synovial inner layer

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3
Q

what does the fibrous layer do? synovial layer?

A

Fibrous- stabilizes the joint, Synovial produces synovial fluid

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4
Q

additional “optional” characteristics of synovial joints

A

bursae, tendon sheaths, different ligaments, articular discs, fat pads,

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5
Q

Plane joint

A

one axis, gliding movements( acromioclavicular jt)

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6
Q

hinge joint

A

one axis, ( elbow)

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7
Q

pivot joint

A

one axis, passes longitudinally along axis of bone( atlanto- axial joint)

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8
Q

bicondylar joint

A

one axis and a little of another, ( knee jt.)

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9
Q

condylar

A

2 axis that are right angle to each other (wrist)

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10
Q

saddle joint

A

2 axis, saddle shaped ( metacarpal-phalangeal jt)

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11
Q

ball and socket

A

multiple axis, ( hip joint)

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12
Q

Solid joints

A

fibrous, and cartilagenous

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13
Q

fibrous joints

A

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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14
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphesis

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15
Q

give an example of synchondroses

A

growing plate along long bone, Synchondroses eventually become ossified

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16
Q

Hypaxial vs epaxial muscles

A

Hypaxial is in front of spinal cord, epaxial is back

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17
Q

motor and sensory neurons

A

motor develop from cells within the spinal cord, sensory from neural crest cells

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18
Q

GSA’s

A

General somatic afferents. Carry sensory from periphery into CNS

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19
Q

GSE’s

A

General Somatic Efferents. Carry information back out to muscles

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20
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal cord level

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21
Q

Myotome

A

area of skeletal muscle supplied by spinal nerve

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22
Q

visceral motor fibers

A

contain preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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23
Q

name the cranial nerves associated with visceral components

A

3,7,9,10

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24
Q

spinal cord areas associated with visceral components

A

T1-L2, S2-S4

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25
Q

Sympathetic system ( thoracolumbar)

A

visceral components are T1-L2. Innervates structures in the peripheral body regions and viscera

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26
Q

Parasympathetic system ( cranial sacral)

A

visceral motor components in cranial and sacral regions. Restricted to viscera

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27
Q

What region of the spinal cord is called the white ramus

A

anterior roots of T1-L2. its white due to the myelination

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28
Q

pathway 1 of preganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

white ramus, gray ramus, straight lateral to target

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29
Q

pathway 2

A

travel through paravertebral sympathetic trunk

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30
Q

pathway 3

A

pathway of thoracic and cervical viscera. join other fibers and form plexuses. T1-T5 mainly innervate cranial, cervical, and thoracic viscera.

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31
Q

pathway 4

A

sympathetic innervation of abdomen and pelvic regions and the adrenals. These join other fibers to form splanchic nerves and form plexuses around the roots of the major arteries from the aorta. The adrenal fibers have no synapse. they take a direct shot. These fibers are derived from T5-L2

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32
Q

parasympathetic fibers

cranial sacral

A

CN 3,7,9,10 carry to head and neck. 10 also carries to abdominal viscera.
S2-S4 innervate abdominal and pelvic viscera

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33
Q

visceral vs somatic fibers

A

Visceral- pre and post ganglionic fibers

Somatic- straight shot

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34
Q

Enteric system organization

A

myenteric & submucous nerve plexuses interconnect . They control peristalsis, secremotor activity and vascular tone. These occur independently of the brain

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35
Q

Somatic plexuses

A

from anterior rami of spinal nerves. Cervical ( C1-C4),lumbar( L1-L4), Sacral (L4-S4), coccygeal( S5-C0)

36
Q

visceral plexuses

A

efferent and afferent, include cardiac, pulmonary, prevertebral plexuses

37
Q

t/f, there are more neurons in the enteric system then the spinal cord?

A

true

38
Q

what jt. type are intervertebral disc

A

sympheses

39
Q

name some landmarks of a typical vertebrae

A

laminae, pedicels, transverse processes, articular surfaces

40
Q

purposes for vertebral projections

A

muscle attachment, levers for actions of muscles, articulation with other vertebrae

41
Q

innervation of extrinsic muscles of back

A

by anterior rami of spinal nerves. Involve movements of upper limbs and thoracic wall

42
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

innervated by posterior rami. Involve supporting the column and head movement

43
Q

3 meningeal types

A

pia mater( directly on cord) arachnoid mater, dura mater

44
Q

extradural space

A

between dura mater and vertebra which has fat and loose connective tissue

45
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31, they emerge from between the pedicels of adjacent vert.

46
Q

Name the pairs

A

8 cervical pairs ( C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs ( T1-T12), 5 lumbar (L1-L5), 5 sacral (S1-S5) and 1 coccygeal (Co)

47
Q

vertebral body purpose

A

bares weight, size increase as you go down

48
Q

vertebral arch purpose

A

protects the spinal cord

49
Q

vertebral canal

A

the component that holds the spinal cord

50
Q

pedicels

A

attach arch to body

51
Q

laminae

A

come together to form the midline

52
Q

superior/ inferior articular processes

A

link to other vertebra for structure

53
Q

superior/ inferior vertebral notches

A

form the intervertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae

54
Q

what is the vertebra equation?

A

C7,T12,L5,S5,Cy4

55
Q

unique things about the cervical vert.

A

foramen transversium, concave superior surface & convex inferior surface, vertebral foramen is triangle

56
Q

Atlas

A

lacks body, its body is actually the dens of the axis. Has 2 lateral masses(which articulate with occipital condyles) and posterior/ anterior arch.

57
Q

atlanto-occipital joint

A

“Yes” joint

58
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

“no” joint and has no intervertebral disc

59
Q

what holds the den in place?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

60
Q

intervertebral symphesis anatomy

A

outer annulus fibroses, inner nucleus pulposes

61
Q

zygapophysial joint

A

between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. Also a synovial joint with capsule

62
Q

cervical zygapophyseal joints

A

allow flexion/extension

63
Q

thoracic zygapophyseal joints

A

allow rotation

64
Q

lumbar zygopophyseal joints

A

somewhat lock with each other which limits flexion and extension

65
Q

whats an uncinated process?

A

lateral margins are curved between cervical vertebrae which produces a joint

66
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

attached to base of skull down to sacrum, also attached to vertebral bodies and discs. This reinforces the joints

67
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

lines posterior surface of vertebral bodies and is anterior to the spinal cord. Its connected to C2 and the tectorial membranne

68
Q

ligamentum flava

A

interconnect lamina of neighboring vert. Mainly elastic tissue. Part of posterior wall of canal

69
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

connects C7 to sacrum. Above C7 it becomes the ligamentum nuchae

70
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

triangle shape with base attached to external protuberance of occipital bone. It supports the head.

71
Q

function of ligamentum nuchae

A

limits flexion and helps return head to upright position

72
Q

interspinous ligaments

A

ligamentum flavum is anterior and supraspinous ligament in posterior. Pass between adjacent spinous processes

73
Q

Superficial group of back muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, Rhomboid major/minor

74
Q

Intermediate group of back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior/inferior,

75
Q

deep group of back muscles

A

splenius capitus and cervicis, erector spinae and transversopinalis, interspinales and intertransversarii

76
Q

functions of thoracolumbar fascia

A

protects, organizes, seperates deep, superficial, and intermediate groups, attaches to spinous processes of thoracic vert. and angle of ribs

77
Q

spinotranscersales muscles

A

spiunous processes and ligamentum nuchae upward and laterally. These extend the head back ( these include spleniuss capitis & splecius cervicis)

78
Q

Splenius Capitus

A

attached to occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

79
Q

splenius cervicis

A

attached to transverse processes of upper cervical vert.

80
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

larget of intrinsic back muscles

81
Q

what enters the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord

A

posterior rootlets

82
Q

name the 3 meninges of the spinal cord and brain

A

dura, arachnoid, pia maters

83
Q

where does the arachnoid mater end

A

S2, thus terminating the subarachnoid space

84
Q

what is the denticulate ligament

A

sheet of pia mater that extends laterally. Functions as a holder for the spinal cord

85
Q

what makes a spinal nerve?

A

jointing of posterior and anterior roots

Anatomy (13 decks)

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